Colour pattern divergence in reef fish species is rapid and driven by both range overlap and symmetry

Hemingson, Christopher R.; Cowman, Peter F.; Hodge, Jennifer R.; Bellwood, David R.

doi:10.1111/ele.13180

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(136 reference statements)

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“…patternize used these values to extract the presence and distribution of red pattern elements across the dorsal side of each forewing. “Offset” values were incrementally increased until coloured areas included as much of the red forewing pigmentation as possible, while minimizing the amount of background “noise” included (Hemingson et al., 2019). The final values were 0.24 for H. erato and 0.35 for H. melpomene .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited genetic parallels underlie convergent evolution of quantitative pattern variation in mimetic butterflies

Bainbridge

Brien

Morochz³

et al. 2020

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Mimetic systems allow us to address the question of whether the same genes control similar phenotypes in different species. Although widespread parallels have been found for major effect loci, much less is known about genes that control quantitative trait variation. In this study, we identify and compare the loci that control subtle changes in the size and shape of forewing pattern elements in two Heliconius butterfly co‐mimics. We use quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis with a multivariate phenotyping approach to map the variation in red pattern elements across the whole forewing surface of Heliconius erato and Heliconius melpomene. These results are compared with a QTL analysis of univariate trait changes, and show that our resolution for identifying small effect loci is somewhat improved with the multivariate approach, but also that different loci are detected with these different approaches. QTL likely corresponding to the known patterning gene optix were found in both species but otherwise, a remarkably low level of genetic parallelism was found. This lack of similarity indicates that the genetic basis of convergent traits may not be as predictable as assumed from studies that focus solely on Mendelian traits.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limited genetic parallels underlie convergent evolution of quantitative pattern variation in mimetic butterflies

Bainbridge

Brien

Morochz³

et al. 2020

J of Evolutionary Biology

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“…Bar patterns are presumably adaptive as such disruptive coloration breaks the outline of the individual and thereby constitutes a form of camouflage, in particular in visually complex habitats (Seehausen et al, 1999;Maan and Sefc, 2013). Additionally color patterns are often involved in species recognition (Hemingson et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental and Cellular Basis of Vertical Bar Color Patterns in the East African Cichlid Fish Haplochromis latifasciatus

Liang

Gerwin

Meyer

et al. 2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The East African adaptive radiations of cichlid fishes are renowned for their diversity in coloration. Yet, the developmental basis of pigment pattern formation remains largely unknown. One of the most common melanic patterns in cichlid fishes are vertical bar patterns. Here we describe the ontogeny of this conspicuous pattern in the Lake Kyoga species Haplochromis latifasciatus. Beginning with the larval stages we tracked the formation of this stereotypic color pattern and discovered that its macroscopic appearance is largely explained by an increase in melanophore density and accumulation of melanin during the first 3 weeks post-fertilization. The embryonal analysis is complemented with cytological quantifications of pigment cells in adult scales and the dermis beneath the scales. In adults, melanic bars are characterized by a two to threefold higher density of melanophores than in the intervening yellow interbars. We found no strong support for differences in other pigment cell types such as xanthophores. Quantitative PCRs for twelve known pigmentation genes showed that expression of melanin synthesis genes tyr and tyrp1a is increased five to sixfold in melanic bars, while xanthophore and iridophore marker genes are not differentially expressed. In summary, we provide novel insights on how vertical bars, one of the most widespread vertebrate color patterns, are formed through dynamic control of melanophore density, melanin synthesis and melanosome dispersal.

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“…While genetic comparisons with P.guezei are not possible without appropriate tissue samples from that species, we expect that the genetic divergence between that species and P.geminus to be even greater than that between P.geminus and P.basabei . The disparity between the degree of difference in color relative to the genetic difference is striking in comparison to many species of butterflyfishes, which tend to have more substantial color differences relative to genetic differences (Hemingson et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognathodes geminus, a new species of butterflyfish (Teleostei, Chaetodontidae) from Palau

Copus¹,

Pyle²,

Greene³

et al. 2019

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A new species of the butterflyfish genus Prognathodes (Chaetodontidae) is described from two specimens collected at a depth of 116 m off Ngemelis Island, Palau. Prognathodesgeminussp. n. is similar to P.basabei Pyle & Kosaki, 2016 from the Hawaiian archipelago, and P.guezei (Maugé & Bauchot, 1976) from the western Indian Ocean, but differs from these species in the number of soft dorsal-fin rays, size of head, body width, and body depth. There are also subtle differences in life color, and substantial differences in the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I sequence (d ≈ 0.08). Although genetic comparisons with P.guezei are unavailable, it is expected that the genetic divergence between P.guezei and P.geminus will be even greater than that between P.geminus and P.basabei. It is named for the strikingly similar color pattern it shares with P.basabei.

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Colour pattern divergence in reef fish species is rapid and driven by both range overlap and symmetry

Cited by 36 publications

References 71 publications

Limited genetic parallels underlie convergent evolution of quantitative pattern variation in mimetic butterflies

Limited genetic parallels underlie convergent evolution of quantitative pattern variation in mimetic butterflies

Developmental and Cellular Basis of Vertical Bar Color Patterns in the East African Cichlid Fish Haplochromis latifasciatus

Prognathodes geminus, a new species of butterflyfish (Teleostei, Chaetodontidae) from Palau

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