Colorectal Carcinogensis and Suppression of Tumor Development by Inhibition of Enzymes and Molecular Targets

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer in the world. If detected at an early stage, treatment often might lead to cure. Of course prevention is better than cure. Epidemiological studies reveal that having a healthy diet often protects from CRC development. An important consideration in evaluating new drugs and devices is determining whether a product can effectively treat a targeted disease. There are a number of agents making their way into clinical trials by estimating their effects on biomarkers' expression. Also, some are awaiting the preclinical efficacy and safety results to enter into clinical trials. Oncologic researchers are facing challenges in modifying trial design and defining the right control population, validating biomarker assays from the biological and analytical perspective. However, the results are disappointing from many of the large clinical trials. To avoid these disappointments, selection of biomarkers and its target agents needs to be evaluated in appropriate animal models for their efficacies as well as toxicities. This review focuses on the few of the potential molecular targets and their biomarkers in CRC development.

Assessment of white grape pomace from winemaking as source of bioactive compounds, and its antiproliferative activity

“…Previous studies have indicated that such activity may be mediated via the potential of polyphenols and their metabolites to induce cell cycle blockage in the G2/M phase in adenocarcinoma cells, perhaps through their effects on COX-2 activity (Shan, Wang, & Li, 2009;Yasui, Kim, Oyama, & Tanaka, 2009). On the other hand, these antiproliferative effects may be mediated, in part, by their direct cytotoxic action (Gómez-Alonso et al, 2012).…”

Dietary Tricin Suppresses Inflammation-Related Colon Carcinogenesis in Male Crj: CD-1 Mice

“…These biological activities include antioxidative (13,14), antiinflammatory, antiviral (15), and antihistamic (16) activities. These same biological activities have been observed in other promising cancer chemopreventive agents (17)(18)(19)(20). The effects of tricin on oncogenesis have been investigated by Gescher et al Their studies have shown that tricin suppresses the growth of human malignant breast tumor in nude mice (21).…”

The role of Fas ligand protein in the oxidative stress induced by azoxymethane on crypt colon of rats

“…The AOM-induced ACF assays have been extensively used as an endpoint in short-term carcinogenesis and chemoprevention studies 11,12 . In previous reports we demonstrated the association of AOM and the occurrence of ACF in a rat model.…”