Colorectal cancer in the world: incidence, mortality and risk factors

Gandomani, Hamidreza Sadeghi; yousefi, seyed majid; Aghajani, Mohammad; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Tarazoj, Abed Asgari; Pouyesh, Vahideh; Salehiniya, Hamid

doi:10.15419/bmrat.v4i10.372

Cited by 90 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…Since the past 30 years, massive advances have been developed for the treatment of colon cancer patients, which alleviated the prevalence of the disease, but, its growing death rate still is statistically remarkable [36]. During the past decades, tremendous efforts have been done in cancer biology to clarify the complicated molecular mechanisms of malignant progression in various types of cancers, which have established effective progresses in molecular target therapy of cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of Nrf2-PD-L1 Axis in Promoting of Oxaliplatin Resistance in Colon Cancer Cells

Payandeh¹,

Tazehkand²,

Mansoori³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Nuclear factor−erythroid 2−related factor 2 (Nrf2) has a key function in promoting chemoresistance in various cancers. PD-L1 is one of the downstream targets of Nrf2 signaling pathway, having some beneficial impacts on tumors growth by inhibition of the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of Nrf2- PD- L1 axis in the promotion of oxaliplatin resistance in colon cancer cells. Result: Our data revealed that Nrf2 and PD-L1 mRNA expressions were markedly higher in tumor tissues compared to margin tissues. PD-L1 mRNA expression level was also increased in the resistant cells. However, Nrf2 expression was decreased and increased in SW480/Res and LS174T/Res cells, respectively. Nrf2 inhibition through siRNA in SW480/Res and LS174T/Res decreased the IC50 values of oxaliplatin. Inhibition of Nrf2 significantly increased oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis and reduced migration in SW480/Res cells when accompanied with oxaliplatin. Conclusion: Our study suggests that effective inhibition of Nrf2/PD-L1 signaling pathways can be considered as a novel approach to improve oxaliplatin efficacy in colon cancer patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of Nrf2-PD-L1 Axis in Promoting of Oxaliplatin Resistance in Colon Cancer Cells

Payandeh¹,

Tazehkand²,

Mansoori³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In under developed countries, it is the second most cause of death . Colon cancer is the third most frequent malignancy and fourth most common cause of mortality in both the genders throughout the world . It arises due to varied alterations (genetic as well as epigenetic) in the colonic epithelium .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemopreventive efficacy zingerone (4‐[4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylphenyl] butan‐2‐one) in experimental colon carcinogenesis in Wistar rats

Ganaie

Saeedan

Madhkali

et al. 2019

Environmental Toxicology

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Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Development of naturally occurring inexpensive and safe alternatives can be effective in suppressing colon related proliferations. Zingerone (4-[4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl] butan-2-one), a polyphenolic alkanone of ginger, has massive pharmacological properties and thus can be used as promising candidate against various ailments. In the current study, we aimed at demonstrating the protective effect of zingerone against experimental colon carcinogenesis and elucidating its possible mechanism by studying inflammatory and Nrf-2 signaling cascade. Four groups of animals (I-IV) were made with six animals each. Group I (control) was given normal saline orally. Group II was given 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at the dose rate of 20 mg/kg body weight. Group III and IV were treated with DMH at the dose rate of 20 mg/kg body weight and also received oral treatment of zingerone at a dose rate of 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, respectively, for first 5 weeks and animals were euthanized after 16 weeks. Our results reveal that DMH treated rats exhibited elevated ROS and MDA levels, increased activity of cytochrome P450 2E1 and serum marker enzyme carcinoembreyonic antigen (CEA), increased no of aberrant crypts of foci (ACF), and elevated expression of inflammatory and proliferative proteins. Nrf-2 was downregulated by DMH treatment. Treatment with zingerone to DMH treated rats, resulted in alterations in the activity of the cytochrome P450 2E1 and CEA. In addition, immunostaining of NF-kB-p65, COX-2, iNOS, and PCNA, Ki-67 was suppressed by zingerone. Furthermore, zingerone administration also attenuated the level of IL-6 and TNF-α and it also helps in preserving mucous layer.Thus, zingerone could be considered as a good chemopreventive agent in experimental model of colon carcinogenesis. Further studies are required to study other pathways involved in colon carcinogenesis and their modulation buy zingerone. K E Y W O R D S chemoprevention, colon cancer, hyperproliferation, inflammation, natural product, zingerone 1 | INTRODUCTION Cancer is the leading cause of death in developed and developing nations. In under developed countries, it is the second most cause of death. 1 Colon cancer is the third most frequent malignancy and fourth most common cause of mortality in both the genders throughout the world. 2 It arises due to varied alterations (genetic as well as epigenetic) in the colonic epithelium. 3 Epidemiological studies have shown that there exists an interaction between diet and the prevalence of colorectal cancer which can be promoted by a diet rich in fat and meat. Experimental colon carcinogenesis is induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in rodents mostly in distal part of the colon. DMH induced pathological and molecular events are similar to those observed in human colon cancer. 4,5

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“…Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent type of cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. About 15-42% of patients with CRC have or develop liver metastases (1)(2)(3)(4). Despite the high prevalence of liver metastasis, therapy for colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) is still challenging and requires multidisciplinary strategies.…”

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confidence: 99%