“…The staining solutions used were 2% coffee (NESCAFE Excella, Nestle Japan Co., Hyogo, Japan) and 0.1% β-carotene/olive oil (07312-94, Nacalai Tesque Co., Kyoto, Japan/BOSCO, The Nisshin OilliO Group Co., Tokyo, Japan) 29) . According to the CIE regulations, L*a*b* values before and after immersion were determined with a spectro-differential colorimeter (Minolta CR-13, Konica Minolta Co., Tokyo, Japan) 30,31) . Prior to measurements, these specimens were placed inside an ultrasonic bath (VC-1, AS ONE, Osaka, Japan) with a neutral detergent (Charmy Green, Lion Co., Tokyo, Japan) for 5 minutes.…”