Collective Phenomena in Non-Central Nuclear Collisions

Voloshin, S. A.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Snellings, Raimond

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-01539-7_10

Cited by 305 publications

(427 citation statements)

References 183 publications

(251 reference statements)

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“…Relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics has established itself as an effective theory for investigations of phenomena in relativistic heavy-ion collisions owing to its success in describing the elliptic flow v 2 data measured at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Most hydrodynamic approaches [2-4, 7, 8] do assume an instantaneous chemical equilibrium of matter constituents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A relativistic dissipative hydrodynamic description for systems including particle number changing processes

Muronga

et al. 2010

Nuclear Physics A

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Relativistic dissipative hydrodynamic equations are extended by taking into account particle number changing processes in a gluon system, which expands in one dimension boost-invariantly. Chemical equilibration is treated by a rate equation for the particle number density based on Boltzmann equation and Grad's ansatz for the off-equilibrium particle phase space distribution. We find that not only the particle production, but also the temperature and the momentum spectra of the gluon system, obtained from the hydrodynamic calculations, are sensitive to the rates of particle number changing processes. Comparisons of the hydrodynamic calculations with the transport ones employing the parton cascade BAMPS show the inaccuracy of the rate equation at large shear viscosity to entropy density ratio. To improve the rate equation, the Grad's ansatz has to be modified beyond the second moments in momentum.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A relativistic dissipative hydrodynamic description for systems including particle number changing processes

Muronga

et al. 2010

Nuclear Physics A

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“…The flow harmonics were measured with the scalar product method introduced in [6]. A pseudo-rapidity gap of |∆η| > 0 was applied between the identified pions, kaons and (anti-)protons selected from one side of the TPC and the charged reference particles selected from the other side of the TPC.…”

Section: Analysis Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to this small pseudorapidity gap applied, correlations not related to the common symmetry plane, known as non-flow, contribute to the measured v AA n values. In this analysis, the contribution from non-flow was estimated using the HIJING event generator and is denoted as δ MC [6]. The maximum magnitude of this correction is around 0.017 for v 2 , 0.008 for v 3 …”

Section: Analysis Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Higher harmonic anisotropic flow of identified particles in Pb–Pb collisions with the ALICE detector

Mohammadi

2016

Nuclear Physics A

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Anisotropic flow plays a crucial role in establishing the equation of state of the Quark Gluon Plasma. The results at RHIC and LHC have demonstrated that the matter created in heavy-ion collisions behaves as a nearly perfect fluid reflected in the low value of the shear viscosity over entropy density ratio (η/s). The higher flow harmonics are particularly sensitive to the value of η/s in hydrodynamic calculations. In this analysis, we present the first ALICE results on the p T differential v 2 , v 3 and v 4 for π ± , K ± , p(p) from the high statistics 2011 heavy-ion run. We investigate how these v n coefficients evolve with particle mass and centrality for the 0-1% and 20-30% centrality ranges. These new measurements aim at differentiating between models that use different initial conditions, constraining further the value of η/s and allowing to decouple the influence of the late hadronic stage from the hydrodynamic evolution of the system.

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“…The principal axis of the participant region can deviate from the reaction plane inducing flow fluctuations [104].…”

Section: Event-plane Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the D0 Meson Production in Pb–Pb and p–Pb Collisions

Festanti

2016

Springer Theses

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This thesis presents the measurement of the charmed D 0 meson production relative to the reaction plane in Pb-Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon collision of √ s NN = 2.76 TeV, and the measurement of the D 0 production in p-Pb collisions at √ s NN = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.The D 0 azimuthal anisotropy with respect to the reaction plane is sensitive to the interaction of the charm quarks with the high-density strongly-interacting medium formed in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions and, thus, to the properties of this state of matter. In particular, this observable allows to establish whether low-momentum charm quarks participate in the collective expansion of the system and whether they can reach thermal equilibrium with the medium constituents. The azimuthal anisotropy is quan- −0.036 in the interval 2 < p T < 6 GeV/c, which decreases towards more central collisions. Consequently, the nuclear modification factor shows a stronger suppression in the direction orthogonal to the reaction plane. The v 2 and the R AA measured in two azimuthal regions with respect to the reaction plane are compared to theoretical calculations of charm quark transport and energy loss in high-density strongly-interacting matter. The models that include substantial elastic interactions with an expanding medium provide a good description of the observed anisotropy.The D 0 nuclear modification factor R pPb in p-Pb collisions is compatible with unity within uncertainties. The measured R pPb is compared to theoretical models including initial state effects, as well as to the nuclear modification factor measured in central RiassuntoLa tesi presenta la misura della produzione di mesoni D 0 rispetto al piano di reazione in collisioni Pb-Pb all'energia nel centro di massa di √ s NN = 2.76 TeV per coppia di nucleoni e la misura della produzione di D 0 in collisioni p-Pb all'energia di √ s NN = 5.02 TeV con l'esperimento ALICE situato al Large Hadron Collider del CERN.L'anisotropia azimutale dei mesoni D 0 rispetto al piano di reazioneè sensibile alle interazioni del quark charm con il mezzo ad alta densità e fortemente interagente prodotto in collisioni tra ioni pesanti ad energia ultra-relativistica e, di conseguenza, alle proprietà di questo stato della materia. In particolare, permette di stabilire se i quark charm partecipano all'espansione collettiva del sistema e se raggiungono l'equilibrio termico con i costituenti del mezzo. L'anisotropia azimutaleè quantificata tramite il secondo coefficiente v 2 dello sviluppo in serie di Fourier della distribuzione azimutale dei mesoni D 0 e tramite la misura del fattore di modifica nucleare R AA nel piano di reazione e nella direzione ortogonale ad esso. La misura della produzione di D 0 in collisioni p-Pb permette di studiare gli effetti indotti dalla materia nucleare fredda, in modo da poterli distinguere da quelli indotti dal mezzo denso fortemente interagente prodotto in collisioni Pb-Pb.La produzione di mesoni D 0...

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Collective Phenomena in Non-Central Nuclear Collisions

Abstract: Recent developments in the field of anisotropic flow in nuclear collision are reviewed. The results from the top AGS energy to the top RHIC energy are discussed with emphasis on techniques, interpretation, and uncertainties in the measurements.

Cited by 305 publications

References 183 publications

A relativistic dissipative hydrodynamic description for systems including particle number changing processes

A relativistic dissipative hydrodynamic description for systems including particle number changing processes

Higher harmonic anisotropic flow of identified particles in Pb–Pb collisions with the ALICE detector

Measurement of the D0 Meson Production in Pb–Pb and p–Pb Collisions

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