Colistin Resistance Genes in Broiler Chickens in Tunisia

Francesco, Antonietta Di; Salvatore, D.; Sakhria, Sonia; Bertelloni, Fabrizio; Catelli, Elena; Yahia, Salma Ben; Tlatli, Aida

doi:10.3390/ani13081409

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…A total of 81 (41.5%) of the 195 animals tested positive for mcr-1 with positive cases on all farms. These findings corroborate the emergence of colistin resistance in farm animals in Tunisia and suggest that investigating antibioticresistance genes (ARGs) might contribute to epidemiological research on antimicrobial resistance dissemination [10].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Previous studies utilizing culture-dependent techniques on farm animals in Tunisia revealed the prevalence of colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In a recent investigational study, DNA analysis for ten known mcr genes was conducted on cloacal swabs from 195 broiler chickens from six farms in Tunisia [ 10 ]. A total of 81 (41.5%) of the 195 animals tested positive for mcr-1 with positive cases on all farms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between Nutrigenomic Effects and Incidences of Microbial Resistance against Novel Antibiotics

Raslan,

Shehata

et al. 2023

Pharmaceuticals

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Nutrigenomics is the study of the impact of diets or nutrients on gene expression and phenotypes using high-throughput technologies such as transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc. The bioactive components of diets and nutrients, as an environmental factor, transmit information through altered gene expression and hence the overall function and traits of the organism. Dietary components and nutrients not only serve as a source of energy but also, through their interactions with genes, regulate gut microbiome composition, the production of metabolites, various biological processes, and finally, health and disease. Antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic and probiotic microorganisms has emerged as a major public health concern due to the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes in various food products. Recent evidence suggests a correlation between the regulation of genes and two-component and other signaling systems that drive antibiotic resistance in response to diets and nutrients. Therefore, diets and nutrients may be alternatively used to overcome antibiotic resistance against novel antibiotics. However, little progress has been made in this direction. In this review, we discuss the possible implementations of nutrigenomics in antibiotic resistance against novel antibiotics.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Nutrigenomic Effects and Incidences of Microbial Resistance against Novel Antibiotics

Raslan,

Shehata

et al. 2023

Pharmaceuticals

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“…With limited antibiotic options for infections caused by CR pathogens, polymyxins are the mainstay therapy. However, reports on colistin-resistant clinical isolates are increasing globally, suggesting diminishing treatment options for CR-GNB infections and a high risk of difficult-to-treat (DTT) pathogens [ 20 , 49 ]. We observed colistin resistance, ranging from 60 to 100%, among A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections and associated factors in a Kenyan intensive care unit: a cross-sectional study

Maina,

Onyambu,

Kibet

et al. 2023

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

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Background Patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) are at risk of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) infections, especially those caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates, increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. However, epidemiological surveillance data on MDR bacteria to inform infection prevention and control (IPCs) interventions is limited in our study setting. Here we assessed the prevalence and factors associated with GNB infections in ICU- patients admitted in our study setting. Methods This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study among patients admitted to ICU at the Nairobi West Hospital, Kenya, between January and October 2022. Altogether, we recruited 162 patients, excluding those hospitalized for less than 48 h and declining consent, and collected demographics and clinical data by case report form. Blood, wound and throat swab, ascetic tap, stool, urine, tracheal aspirate, and sputum samples were collected cultured. Isolates identity and antimicrobial susceptibility were elucidated using the BD Phoenix system. Results The prevalence of GNB infections was 55.6%, predominated by urinary tract infections (UTIs). We recovered 13 GNB types, with Escherichia coli (33.3%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (31.1%) as the most common isolates. Factors associated with GNB infections were a history of antibiotic use (aOR = 4.23, p = 0.001), nasogastric tube use (NGT, aOR = 3.04, p = 0.013), respiratory tract (RT, aOR = 5.3, p = 0.005) and cardiovascular (CV, aOR = 5.7, p = 0.024) conditions. 92% of the isolates were MDR,predominantly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion We report a high prevalence of MDR-GNB infections, predominated by UTI, in ICU, whereby patients with a history of antibiotic use, using the NGT, and having RT and CV conditions were at increased risk. To improve the management of ICU-admitted patients, continuous education, training, monitoring, evaluation and feedback on infection prevention and control are warranted in our study setting.

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“…A total of 116 (55.8%) strains carrying mcr-1 on IncHI2, IncI, IncP, and IncFI plasmids were detected among 208 E. coli isolates [72][73][74][75]192,193,282]. ISApl1 and pap2 were upstream and downstream of mcr-1, respectively [192], and class one integrons were associated with virulence genes, including markers of EHEC (stx1 and stx2) and UPEC (papC), and 19 other antimicrobial determinants, including ESBL and pAmpC genes, conferring resistance to five antimicrobial classes in some mcr-positive isolates [74,282] (Table 2). The mcr-positive isolates were extensively diversified, belonging to 17 STs, including HiR-ExPEC clones ST10, ST117, and ST69 (Table 2).…”

Section: Northern Africa Tunisiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Colistin Resistance (mcr) Gene-Containing Organisms in Poultry Sector in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Epidemiology, Characteristics, and One Health Control Strategies

et al. 2023

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Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes (mcr-1 to mcr-10) are plasmid-encoded genes that threaten the clinical utility of colistin (COL), one of the highest-priority critically important antibiotics (HP-CIAs) used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacteria in humans and animals. For more than six decades, COL has been used largely unregulated in the poultry sector in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and this has led to the development/spread of mcr gene-containing bacteria (MGCB). The prevalence rates of mcr-positive organisms from the poultry sector in LMICs between January 1970 and May 2023 range between 0.51% and 58.8%. Through horizontal gene transfer, conjugative plasmids possessing insertion sequences (ISs) (especially ISApl1), transposons (predominantly Tn6330), and integrons have enhanced the spread of mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5, mcr-7, mcr-8, mcr-9, and mcr-10 in the poultry sector in LMICs. These genes are harboured by Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Cronobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Shigella, Providencia, Aeromonas, Raoultella, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter species, belonging to diverse clones. The mcr-1, mcr-3, and mcr-10 genes have also been integrated into the chromosomes of these bacteria and are mobilizable by ISs and integrative conjugative elements. These bacteria often coexpress mcr with virulence genes and other genes conferring resistance to HP-CIAs, such as extended-spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems, fosfomycin, fluoroquinolone, and tigecycline. The transmission routes and dynamics of MGCB from the poultry sector in LMICs within the One Health triad include contact with poultry birds, feed/drinking water, manure, poultry farmers and their farm workwear, farming equipment, the consumption and sale of contaminated poultry meat/egg and associated products, etc. The use of pre/probiotics and other non-antimicrobial alternatives in the raising of birds, the judicious use of non-critically important antibiotics for therapy, the banning of nontherapeutic COL use, improved vaccination, biosecurity, hand hygiene and sanitization, the development of rapid diagnostic test kits, and the intensified surveillance of mcr genes, among others, could effectively control the spread of MGCB from the poultry sector in LMICs.

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Colistin Resistance Genes in Broiler Chickens in Tunisia

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Associations between Nutrigenomic Effects and Incidences of Microbial Resistance against Novel Antibiotics

Associations between Nutrigenomic Effects and Incidences of Microbial Resistance against Novel Antibiotics

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections and associated factors in a Kenyan intensive care unit: a cross-sectional study

Mobile Colistin Resistance (mcr) Gene-Containing Organisms in Poultry Sector in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Epidemiology, Characteristics, and One Health Control Strategies

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