Cold weather and GP consultations for respiratory conditions by elderly people in?16 locations in the UK

Hajat, Shakoor; Bird, William; Haines, Andy

doi:10.1007/s10654-004-5731-4

Cited by 58 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This supports the results from an earlier extensive study of weather, air pollution, and health relationships for 29 European cities demonstrating that humidity is a significant effect modifier of the PM10 mortality relationship such that as humidity levels decreased the effect of PM10 on mortality increases (Katsouyanni et al, 2001). Non-linear effects of humidity in combination with other variables, including atmospheric pollutants, have also been demonstrated (Hajat et al, 2004, Wanka et al, 2014. McGregor et al (1999), in considering the relation between air mass physical properties, pollution, and respiratory admissions, pointed to the possible dual role of humidity levels in engendering respiratory morbidity.…”

Section: Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Humidity: A review and primer on atmospheric moisture and human health

Davis

McGregor

Enfield

2016

Environmental Research

322

208

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Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. cases when the proximity to saturation is not medically relevant. Care must be taken in averaging certain humidity variables daily or seasonally to avoid statistical biasing associated with variables that are inherently diurnal through their relationship to temperature.

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Section: Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Humidity: A review and primer on atmospheric moisture and human health

Davis

McGregor

Enfield

2016

Environmental Research

322

208

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“…8,11,[37][38][39][40] Across 15 European cities, each 1°C decrease in temperature was associated with a 1.4% (95% CI 1.2% to 1.5%) increase in daily nonaccidental deaths and 1.7%, 3.3%, and 1.3% increase in cardiovascular, respiratory and cerebrovascular deaths, respectively. 8 Similar associations were reported in a study involving 107 US cities.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the effect of cold and hot temperatures on mortality in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study

Chen

Wang

et al. 2016

CMAJ Open

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Background: Ambient high temperature is associated with death; however, heat-related risk of death has not been quantified systematically in Ontario, the most populous province in Canada. Less is known about cold-related risk in this population. Our objective was to quantify the health impact from cold and hot temperatures in Ontario. Methods:The study population consisted of all residents of Ontario who died between Jan. 1, 1996, and Dec. 31, 2010, from any nonaccidental cause. A case-crossover analysis was applied to assess the relation between daily temperature fluctuation and deaths from nonaccidental and selected causes in cold (December-February) and warm (June-August) seasons, respectively, adjusting for various potential confounders. Risk estimates were obtained for each census division, then pooled across Ontario. We examined potential effect modification for selected comorbidities and sociodemographic characteristics. Results:In warm seasons, each 5°C increase in daily mean temperature was associated with a 2.5% increase in nonaccidental deaths (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3% to 3.8%) on the day of exposure (lag 0). In cold seasons, each 5°C decrease in daily temperature was associated with a 3.0% (95% CI 1.8% to 4.2%) increase in nonaccidental deaths, which persisted over 7 days (lag 0-6). The cold-related effects (lag 0-6) were stronger for cardiovascular-related deaths (any cardiovascular death: 4.1%, 95% CI 2.3% to 5.9%; ischemic heart disease: 5.8%, 95% CI 3.6% to 8.1%), especially among people less than 65 years of age (8.0%, 95% CI 3.0% to 13.0%). Conversely, heat most strongly increased respiratory-related deaths during admission to hospital (26.0%, 95% CI 0% to 61.4%). Across Ontario, each 5°C change in daily temperature was estimated to induce 7 excess deaths per day in cold seasons and 4 excess deaths in warm seasons.Interpretation: Heat contributed to excess deaths in Ontario, although the effect of cold weather appeared to be greater. Further work is required to better define high-risk subgroups, which might include the homeless and people with inadequately heated housing. Abstract Research CMAJ OPENCMAJ OPEN, 4(1) E49

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“…Higher antibiotic prescribing in the north may be partly driven by higher consultation rates for RTIs, 37 possibly as a result of lower temperatures, 38 higher levels of environmental 40 The latter may result in greater prevalence of chronic respiratory conditions 41 and cardiac failure secondary to coronary heart disease, 19 further increasing the likelihood of requiring antibiotics for intercurrent RTIs. However, antibiotic prescribing for RTIs only accounts for around 35% of all antibiotic prescriptions.…”

Section: Comparison With Existing Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Which practices are high antibiotic prescribers? A cross-sectional analysis

et al. 2009

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Substantial variation in antibiotic prescribing rates between general practices persists, but remains unexplained at national level. AimTo establish the degree of variation in antibiotic prescribing between practices in England and identify the characteristics of practices that prescribe higher volumes of antibiotics. Design of studyCross-sectional study. Setting general practices in England. MethodA dataset was constructed containing data on standardised antibiotic prescribing volumes, practice characteristics, patient morbidity, ethnicity, social deprivation, and Quality and Outcomes Framework achievement (2004)(2005). Data were analysed using multiple regression modelling. ResultsThere was a twofold difference in standardised antibiotic prescribing volumes between practices in the 10th and 90th centiles of the sample (0.48 versus 0.95 antibiotic prescriptions per antibiotic STAR-PU [Specific Therapeutic group Age-sex weightingsRelated Prescribing Unit]). A regression model containing nine variables explained 17.2% of the variance in antibiotic prescribing. Practice location in the north of England was the strongest predictor of high antibiotic prescribing. Practices serving populations with greater morbidity and a higher proportion of white patients prescribed more antibiotics, as did practices with shorter appointments, non-training practices, and practices with higher proportions of GPs who were male, >45 years of age, and qualified outside the UK. ConclusionPractice and practice population characteristics explained about one-sixth of the variation in antibiotic prescribing nationally. Consultation-level and qualitative studies are needed to help further explain these findings and improve our understanding of this variation.

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Cold weather and GP consultations for respiratory conditions by elderly people in?16 locations in the UK

Cited by 58 publications

References 22 publications

Humidity: A review and primer on atmospheric moisture and human health

Humidity: A review and primer on atmospheric moisture and human health

Assessment of the effect of cold and hot temperatures on mortality in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study

Which practices are high antibiotic prescribers? A cross-sectional analysis

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