Cold water immersion in the management of delayed-onset muscle soreness: Is dose important? A randomised controlled trial

Glasgow, Philip; Ferris, Roisin; Bleakley, Chris

doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2014.01.002

Cited by 46 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…By the way, these changes were not observed for statistical difference in this study on both acute and delayed effects. Nonetheless, they may be a clinical significant which stretching group soreness scores were approximately more 20% lower than the group using the combination treatment and 20 min cold-water immersion at 15° C (Mean differences of 10.9 mm and 10.1 mm respectively) (Glasgow, Ferris & Bleakley, 2014). According to the review of Gulick et al (1996), who investigated that there was no any different on soreness sensation between 20 min of ice massage and static stretching at 24 h after exercise with similar to this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…reported (Glasgow, Ferris & Bleakley, 2014;Júnior et al, 2014;Scott et al, 2004;Vaile et al, 2010;Bailey et al, 2007;Ingram et al,2009). By the way, these results have been inconsistency effect on muscle soreness sensation and muscle performance yet (Sellwood et al, 2007;Jakeman, Macrae & Eston, 2009;Howatson, Goodall & Someren, 2009;Goodall & Howatson, 2008;Torres et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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2015

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Abstract:Delayed onset of muscle soreness is the unaccustomed activity, which may last for several days post-exercise due to impaired muscle performances. Stretching and cold-water immersion are an ordinary way to reduce muscle soreness. This study aimed to investigate effects of these treatments on functional signs of muscle soreness after plyometric training. Forty-five subjects, aged from 18 to 25 years, were randomized into three groups; stretching, cold-water immersion, and combine group. Participants performed the plyometric training. Treatments were given for 20 minutes. Soreness sensation, range of motion, quadriceps strength and vertical jump performance were measured at before exercise, after exercise, after intervention, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hour. All variables showed a significant time effect indicating the presence of muscle damage. Furthermore, they showed significant different between groups on vertical jump height, decreasing for combined intervention at 24 h, a lesser on range of motion in combine group compared with the stretching groups at 48 and 72 hours. These results suggest that either cold-water immersion or stretching can maintain impaired performance following the exercise in term of flexibility and vertical jump performance, whereas the combine one is not seem to be a practical strategy to alleviate functional signs of muscle soreness. Therefore, stretching or cold-water immersion alone is a common way to application for athletic recovery performance compared to the combine these techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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2015

JPES

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“…Because high-intensity and/or unaccustomed exercise with an eccentric component induces delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) (Clarkson et al, 1986), reducing DOMS is often beneficial for athletes, and is an important focus from a recovery perspective. It is reported that cold water immersion is an effective method of decreasing some of the signs and symptoms of muscle soreness (Leeder et al, 2012;Glasgow et al, 2014), whilst also heightening perceptions of recovery .…”

Section: Exercise Recovery and Cold Water Immersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to address this lack of information. Cold water immersion enhances the perceptions of recovery following exercise (Glasgow et al, 2014), which is associated with subsequent performance . Consequently, cold water immersion may promote the performance of more 'repeat-contraction' work during subsequent exercise bouts.…”

Section: Exercise Recovery and Cold Water Immersionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the contribution of eccentric contractions to traditional resistance exercise is lower than eccentric-only exercise, exercise-induced muscle damage and DOMS are typically less severe after resistance exercise. Nevertheless, cold water immersion is often used following resistance exercise with the intention of reducing the severity of some of the symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage (Glasgow et al, 2014), and has been reported to be a successful method of accomplishing this Leeder et al, 2012).…”

Section: Cold Water Immersion and Responses Following Resistance Exermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellular, molecular and physiological effects of post-resistance exercise cold water immersion: Implications for subsequent perofrmance

Roberts¹

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The objective of this thesis was to examine the efficacy of cold water immersion as a recovery therapy after resistance exercise. To achieve this objective, the research had two distinct aims, (1) to investigate how cold water immersion influences acute (short-term) physiological and performance responses following a single bout of resistance exercise, and (2) to investigate how regular (longer-term) use of cold water immersion following resistance training sessions may effect training-induced adaptation.Recovery following resistance exercise is a complex, multi-faceted process that can involve the combination of a variety of recovery therapies, all with the common goal of restoring physiological and psychological homeostasis. The timing of subsequent exercise bout(s) and the desired outcome from the preceding exercise bout will heavily determine the recovery duration, and whether emphasis is placed upon a single recovery therapy over another. Cold water immersion is a popular post-exercise recovery therapy with extensive use worldwide, largely due to its simplicity, and cost-effective nature of implementation. However, the use of cold water immersion is largely supported only by anecdotal evidence from athletes and practitioners. Little physiological evidence is available as to its mechanisms of action following exercise, both in acute, and long term settings.There is a paucity of physiological knowledge available regarding post-exercise cold water immersion per se, and this is accompanied with a disparity in the reported physiological and performance responses. The degree of disparity can be attributed not only to the use of cold water immersion protocols differing in e.g. temperature (5 -15 o C), duration (5 -20 min), immersion depth (individual limb(s) compared with whole-body) and application frequency (single compared with multiple post-exercise immersions), but also to exercise protocols with varied degrees of ecological validity.In a first experimental study, detailed in chapter 2, I investigated how a bout of active recovery (stationary, low-intensity cycling) compared with a 10 min bout of CWI at 10 o C performed after a single high-intensity resistance training session in influencing physiological and performance responses over a 6-hour recovery period. Large physiological responses were observed over the initial period of recovery that could be attributed to a decrease in central (cardiac output) and peripheral (muscle artero-venous) blood flow following cold water immersion. Despite such physiological responses, participants were able to perform more work during a resistance exercise training simulation exercise when cold water immersion was used. Therefore, a second iii experimental study, detailed in chapter 3 was undertaken to more closely investigate how performing cold water immersion or active recovery after resistance exercise influence physiological responses over the initial 60 min following the recovery therapy, and how these physiological responses correspond with exercise perf...

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Skin temperature changes after exercise and cold water immersion

et al. 2017

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Purpose To examine whether two consecutive soccer matches would affect skin temperature (t sk) measured via infrared thermography (IRT) in under-20 (U-20) soccer athletes, as well as verify whether the t sk changes would be different between regions of interest. Methods A cross sectional study. Ten under-20 soccer athletes [age 19.0 ± 1.0 years; height 181.3 ± 6.6 cm; body fat percentage (BF%) 9.0 ± 1.8%, body surface area 1.9 m 2 and _ VO 2max 56.4 ± 3.2 ml min-1 kg-1 ]. Skin thermal responses obtained by IRT and creatine kinase concentration (CK) were evaluated in response to two soccer matches with 3 days of recovery between each match. Results The t sk increased (%1.0°C) 24 h after the first match in all studied regions of interest (ROIs), returning to near pre-match values 48 h after the first match. However, after playing the second match, the t sk increased even more (%1.5°C) 24 h after in all the considered ROIs, not returning to pre-match values 48 h after. Regarding CK analysis, its course during the experiment was similar to t sk , with high values 24 h after (first match 763.8 ± 294.5 U/ L; second match 784.1 ± 298.8 U/L) and recovering 48 h after (first match 526.4 ± 289.7 U/L; second match 672.2 ± 285.0 U/L) both matches. However, when the two matches are compared, CK showed a higher value 48 h after the second match in comparison to first match (P = 0.002). The t sk and CK were moderately correlated in all ROIs analyzed, with higher correlation in the anterior right leg (r = 0.425) and anterior left leg (r = 0.428). Conclusion The t sk of lower limbs as well as CK markedly change in response to two consecutive matches separated by an interval of 3 days. There is indication of the highest inflammatory response after the second match, which was preceded by just a 3-day recovery. In addition, a general increase was obtained in thighs and legs in anterior and posterior views.

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Cold water immersion in the management of delayed-onset muscle soreness: Is dose important? A randomised controlled trial

Cited by 46 publications

References 32 publications

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Cellular, molecular and physiological effects of post-resistance exercise cold water immersion: Implications for subsequent perofrmance

Skin temperature changes after exercise and cold water immersion

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