Coherence gating and adaptive optics in the eye

Miller, Donald T.; Qu, Junle; Jonnal, Ravi S.; Thorn, Karen E.

doi:10.1117/12.477633

Cited by 63 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…13,14 Compared with ex vivo histological analysis, AO imaging is advantageous in allowing repeatable measurements that can be used to monitor retinal changes over time. To date, the majority of AO imaging studies have generally been limited to the central ± 151; however, to detect the earliest signs of diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and cone-rod dystrophy, [15][16][17] requires imaging single cells in the mid-periphery (defined here as 4201 from the fovea), a capability that has not previously been demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in rod and cone density from the fovea to the mid-periphery in healthy human retinas using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy

Wells-Gray

Choi

Bries

et al. 2016

Eye

102

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Purpose To characterize the rod and cone photoreceptor mosaic at retinal locations spanning the central 60°in vivo using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) in healthy human eyes. Methods AO-SLO images (0.7 × 0.9°) were acquired at 680 nm from 14 locations from 30°nasal retina (NR) to 30°temporal retina (TR) in 5 subjects. Registered averaged images were used to measure rod and cone density and spacing within 60 × 60 μm regions of interest. Voronoi analysis was performed to examine packing geometry at all locations. Results Average peak cone density near the fovea was 164 000 ± 24 000 cones/mm 2 and decreased to 6700 ± 1500 and 5400 ± 700 cones/mm 2 at 30°NR and 30°TR, respectively. Cone-to-cone spacing increased from 2.7 ± 0.2 μm at the fovea to 14.6 ± 1.4 μm at 30°NR and 16.3 ± 0.7 μm at 30°TR. Rod density peaked at 25°NR (124 000 ± 20 000 rods/mm 2 ) and 20°TR (120 000 ± 12 000 rods/mm 2 ) and decreased at higher eccentricities. Center-to-center rod spacing was lowest nasally at 25°(2.1 ± 0.1 μm). Temporally, rod spacing was lowest at 20°(2.2 ± 0.1 μm) before increasing to 2.3 ± 0.1 μm at 30°TR. Conclusions Both rod and cone densities showed good agreement with histology and prior AO-SLO studies. The results demonstrate the ability to image at higher retinal eccentricities than reported previously. This has clinical importance in diseases that initially affect the peripheral retina such as retinitis pigmentosa.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in rod and cone density from the fovea to the mid-periphery in healthy human retinas using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy

Wells-Gray

Choi

Bries

et al. 2016

Eye

102

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“…AO has been combined by Miller et al 15 with timedomain-based en-face coherence-gated OCT and by Hermann et al 16 with time-domain ultrahigh-resolution (UHR)-OCT. Later, AO was combined with FD-OCT by Zhang et al 17 using a line-illumination approach followed by several reports of three-dimensional (3D) confocal AO-OCT imaging [18][19][20] and C-scan time-domain OCT. 21 Interestingly, one of the main features that distinguishes OCT from other imaging modalities (independence of axial and lateral resolution) is lost in retinal AO-OCT systems. As theoretically predicted by Fernández and Drexler, 22 for a given imaging pupil diameter, increasing axial resolution of AO-OCT (increasing spectral bandwidth of the light source) decreases lateral resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive optics-optical coherence tomography: optimizing visualization of microscopic retinal structures in three dimensions

et al. 2007

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Adaptive optics-optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT) permits improved imaging of microscopic retinal structures by combining the high lateral resolution of AO with the high axial resolution of OCT, resulting in the narrowest three-dimensional (3D) point-spread function (PSF) of all in vivo retinal imaging techniques. Owing to the high volumetric resolution of AO-OCT systems, it is now possible, for the first time, to acquire images of 3D cellular structures in the living retina. Thus, with AO-OCT, those retinal structures that are not visible with AO or OCT alone (e.g., bundles of retinal nerve fiber layers, 3D mosaic of photoreceptors, 3D structure of microvasculature, and detailed structure of retinal disruptions) can be visualized. Our current AO-OCT instrumentation uses spectrometer-based Fourier-domain OCT technology and two-deformable-mirror-based AO wavefront correction. We describe image processing methods that help to remove motion artifacts observed in volumetric data, followed by innovative data visualization techniques [including two-dimensional (2D) and 3D representations]. Finally, examples of microscopic retinal structures that are acquired with the University of California Davis AO-OCT system are presented.

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“…c 2018 Optical Society of America Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) [1][2][3] is a powerful technique used to image inside biological tissues, in particular in the field of eye examination. OCT has been successfully coupled to adaptive optics in order to increase the resolution of retinal examination [4,5]. In such experiments, wavefront distortion is due to propagation through a transparent medium (anterior chamber and vitreous humor).…”

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confidence: 99%