Cognitive vulnerabilities to the development of PTSD: A review of four vulnerabilities and the proposal of an integrative vulnerability model

Elwood, Lisa S.; Hahn, Kathryn S.; Olatunji, Bunmi O.; Williams, Nathan L.

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.10.002

Cited by 236 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…Brewin et al (2000, in Elwood et al 2009 found that female gender, lower socioeconomic status, less education, lower intelligence and childhood adversity were weak predictors of PTSD. Several of the studies conducted on PTSD and orthopaedic or physical traumas are on motor vehicle accident (MVA) victims (Rusch 1998;Mayou, Ehlers & Bryant 2002;Ongecha-Owuor et al 2004).…”

Section: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Orthopaedic Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of social support in the relationship between mental health and posttraumatic stress disorder amongst orthopaedic patients

Maselesele

Idemudia

2013

curationis

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Background: Some life-event experiences such as injuries in car accidents, gun shots and the like, can be life changing and traumatic.

Objectives: The article investigated the relationship between mental health and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms after orthopaedic trauma, and attempted to understand whether social support moderates the relationship between mental health and PTSD.

Method: A cross-sectional research model was used. Two hundred participants were selected using simple randomisation within a hospital complex in Gauteng, South Africa. The sample consisted of 110 men and 90 women (x̄ = 37.8 years, s.d. = 12.9 years). Data were collected using the Revised Civilian Mississippi Scale for PTSD, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the General Health Questionnaire version 28.

Results: The findings of the study indicated that there is a statistically significant relationship between mental health and PTSD after orthopaedic trauma, and a positive correlation between poor mental health and PTSD (r = 0.52, n = 200, p < 0.05). However, perceived social support did not moderate mental health or PTSD, indicating that perceived social support did not significantly influence mental health or PTSD, (MSPSS B = 0.07, p = 0.66). Those with high scores on social support had a lower regression coefficient (B = 0.19) for mental health and PTSD than those who reported low social support (B = 0.26).

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between mental health and PTSD of orthopaedic patients, and social support did not moderate the relationship between mental health and PTSD.

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Section: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Orthopaedic Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of social support in the relationship between mental health and posttraumatic stress disorder amongst orthopaedic patients

Maselesele

Idemudia

2013

curationis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Some life-event experiences such as injuries in car accidents, gun shots and the like, can be life changing and traumatic.

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between mental health and PTSD of orthopaedic patients, and social support did not moderate the relationship between mental health and PTSD.

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“…According to Felix et al (2009), polyvictimized students, when compared to individuals who have experienced only one type of victimization or were not victimized at all, are more likely to experience depression, feeling unsafe at school, and poor academic performance. These data demonstrate that, in addition to investigating WSEs, other variables are relevant for understanding the development of PTSD symptoms in school violence victims, such as relevant individual aspects encompassing psychological vulnerabilities (Elwood, Hahn, Olatunji, & Williams, 2009), and other features, as personal beliefs about the world and about traumatic events, and the role of resilience (Newman et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Impact of the Worst School Experiences in Students: A Retrospective Study on Trauma

Albuquerque

Williams

2015

Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto)

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Abstract:The literature indicates damage to students' mental health in cases of school violence. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the psychological impact of school victimization in university students, and to analyze the association between PTSD symptoms and variables related to school victimization. 691 University students responded to the Portuguese version of the Student Alienation and Trauma Survey (SATS). Clinically significant scores in the subscales ranged from 4.7% (somatic symptoms) to 20% (hypervigilance), with frequent symptoms described in the literature resulting from school victimization, such as depression, hopelessness, cognitive difficulties, and traumatic event recollection. Additionally, 7.8% of participants presented PTSD symptoms after suffering their "worst school experience". Associations were found between PTSD symptoms and the level of distress after the experience, as well as the perceived benefits after the event, and duration. The results confirm the potential detrimental effects of school victimization, and may be useful to further investigations on this topic. Keywords Impacto de las Peores Experiencias en la Escuela en Estudiantes: Un Estudio Retrospectivo Sobre TraumaResumen: La literatura indica que casos de violencia en el contexto escolar causan daños a la salud mental de los estudiantes. El objetivo de este estudio retrospectivo fue evaluar el impacto psicológico de la victimización escolar en estudiantes universitarios y analizar la asociación de los síntomas de TEPT con variables relacionadas a la victimización. Un total de 691 estudiantes universitarios respondieron a la Escala de Experiencias Traumáticas en los Estudiantes. Puntuaciones clínicamente significativas en las subescalas oscilaron entre el 4,7% (síntomas somáticos) y el 20% (hipervigilancia), y se encontraran síntomas frecuentes descritos en la literatura resultante de victimización, tales como: depresión, desesperanza, problemas cognitivos y recuerda excesiva del evento traumático. Además, el 7,8% tenía síntomas de TEPT un mes después de su peor experiencia escolar. Se encontraran asociaciones con los síntomas de TEPT y el malestar que se siente después de la experiencia; beneficios percibidos después del evento y su duración. Los resultados indican el potencial nocivo de las experiencias de victimización escolar y pueden contribuir a investigaciones futuras.Palabras clave: violencia escolar, trauma emocional, transtorno por estrés postraumático

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“…PTSD was introduced to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-III (DSM-III; American Psychological Association [APA], 1980)primarily in response to the large number of Vietnam veterans with symptoms that did not cleanly map onto any of the disorders included in the DSM-II [4]. Over the following years, more information about PTSD was gathered as such symptoms were recognized in not only war veterans, but also in people who had survived other types of traumatic events such as natural disasters, rape and assault [5]. The findings of many studies have shown that PTSD symptoms are common in earthquake survivors [6,7], and the rate of PTSD documented in earthquake survivors has been found to range from 10% to 87% [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Anxiety among Adolescents following the 2010 Yushu Earthquake

Liu¹

2015

J Psychiatry

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Cognitive vulnerabilities to the development of PTSD: A review of four vulnerabilities and the proposal of an integrative vulnerability model

Cited by 236 publications

References 169 publications

The role of social support in the relationship between mental health and posttraumatic stress disorder amongst orthopaedic patients

The role of social support in the relationship between mental health and posttraumatic stress disorder amongst orthopaedic patients

Impact of the Worst School Experiences in Students: A Retrospective Study on Trauma

Symptoms of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Anxiety among Adolescents following the 2010 Yushu Earthquake

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