Cognitive Measures and Performance on the Antisaccade Eye Movement Task

Magnúsdóttir, Brynja B.; Faiola, Eliana; Harms, Christopher; Sigurðsson, Emil L.; Ettinger, Ulrich; Haraldsson, H. Magnús

doi:10.5334/joc.52

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…AS task performance is often taken to provide an index of inhibitory control, and therefore its decline with age is assumed to support the hypothesis of a general age-related deterioration in inhibitory function (Hasher & Zacks, 1988). However, while clearly involving inhibitory control, the AS task involves other key aspects of executive function, and AS directional error rate is influenced by multiple factors (Bowling, Hindman & Donnelly, 2012;Lee et al, 2010;Magnusdottir et al, 2019). Our motivation in developing the MDOR task was to target oculomotor inhibitory control more precisely, and in the present study to investigate the effects of normal ageing on MDOR performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Allied to this, there is the well-recognised issue of task contamination. All tasks engage multiple processes, and this is true of the AS task which requires both attentional (Gaspelin & Luck, 2018) and working memory resources (Crawford et al, 2011;Eenshuistra, Ridderinkhof & Van der Molen, 2004), two other key components of executive function (Magnusdottir et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-related alterations in inhibitory control investigated using the minimally delayed oculomotor response task

Knox

Pasunuru

2020

PeerJ

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Healthy, older adults are widely reported to experience cognitive decline, including impairments in inhibitory control. However, this general proposition has recently come under scrutiny because ageing effects are highly variable between individuals, are task dependent, and are sometimes not distinguished from general age-related slowing. We recently developed the minimally delayed oculomotor response (MDOR) task in which participants are presented with a simple visual target step, and instructed to saccade not to the target when it appears (a prosaccade response), but when it disappears (i.e. on target offset). Varying the target display duration (TDD) prevents offset timing being predictable from the time of target onset, and saccades prior to the offset are counted as errors. A comparison of MDOR task performance in a group of 22 older adults (mean age 62 years, range 50–72 years) with that in a group of 39 younger adults (22 years, range 19–27 years) demonstrated that MDOR latency was significantly increased in the older group by 34–68 ms depending on TDD. However, when MDOR latencies were corrected by subtracting the latency observed in a standard prosaccade task, the latency difference between groups was abolished. There was a larger latency modulation with TDD in the older group which was observed even when their generally longer latencies were taken into account. Error rates were significantly increased in the older group. An analysis of the timing distribution of errors demonstrated that most errors were failures to inhibit responses to target onsets. When error distributions were used to isolate clear inhibition failures from other types of error, the older group still exhibited significantly higher error rates as well as a higher residual error rate. Although MDOR latency in older participants may largely reflect a general slowing in the oculomotor system with age, both the latency modulation and error rate results are consistent with an age-related inhibitory control deficit. How this relates to performance on other inhibitory control tasks remains to be investigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related alterations in inhibitory control investigated using the minimally delayed oculomotor response task

Knox

Pasunuru

2020

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…AS task performance is often taken to provide an index of inhibitory control, and therefore its decline with age is assumed to support the hypothesis of a general age-related deterioration in inhibitory function (Hasher & Zacks 1988). However, while clearly involving inhibitory control, the AS task involves other key aspects of executive function, and AS directional error rate is influenced by multiple factors (Bowling et al 2012;Lee et al 2010;Magnusdottir et al 2019). Our motivation in developing the MDOR task was to target oculomotor inhibitory control more precisely, and in the present study to investigate the effects of normal ageing on MDOR performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Allied to this, there is the well-recognised issue of task contamination. All tasks engage multiple processes, and this is true of the antisaccade task which requires both attentional (Gaspelin & Luck 2018) and working memory resources (Crawford et al 2011;Eenshuistra et al 2004), two other key components of executive function (see also Magnusdottir et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Review #1 of "Age-related alterations in inhibitory control investigated using the minimally delayed oculomotor response task (v0.1)"

2020

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Healthy, older adults are widely reported to experience cognitive decline, including impairments in inhibitory control. However, this general proposition has recently come under scrutiny because ageing effects are highly variable between individuals, are task dependent, and are sometimes not distinguished from general age-related slowing. We recently developed the minimally delayed oculomotor response (MDOR) task in which participants are presented with a simple visual target step, and instructed to saccade not to the target when it appears (a prosaccade response), but when it disappears (i.e. on target offset). Varying the target display duration prevents offset timing being predictable from the time of target onset, and saccades prior to the offset are counted as errors. A comparison of MDOR task performance in a group of 22 older adults (mean age 62y, range 50y to 72y) with that in a group of 39 younger adults (22y, range 19y-27y) demonstrated that MDOR latency was significantly increased in the older group by 34-68ms depending on target display duration. However, when MDOR latencies were corrected by subtracting the latency observed in a standard prosaccade task, the latency difference between groups was abolished. There was a larger latency modulation with target display duration in the older group which was observed even when their generally longer latencies were taken into account. Error rates were significantly increased in the older group. An analysis of the timing distribution of errors demonstrated that most errors were failures to inhibit responses to target onsets. When error distributions were used to isolate clear inhibition failures from other types of error, the older group still exhibited significantly higher error rates as well as a higher residual error rate. Although MDOR latency in older participants may largely reflect a general slowing in the oculomotor system with age, both the latency modulation and error rate results are consistent with an age-related inhibitory control deficit. How this relates to performance on other inhibitory control tasks remains to be investigated.

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“…Since we knew when the red target appeared based on the Unix time as explained above, we extracted the gaze direction data in a time range from t i + 100 to t i + 500 ms for the pro-saccade task and from t i + 125 to t i + 750 ms for the anti-saccade task, where t i was the time when the i th (i = 1, 2,…, 240) red target appeared. We set the time range, assuming that saccadic eye movement would occur in the period by referring to the results of saccade latency in the previous studies (28,29). Subsequently, we drew velocity from the gaze direction data to understand the time when the velocity changed sharply by inspecting the peaks of velocity as visually explained in Figure 4.…”

Section: List Of Recorded Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Saccadic Eye Movements With Head-Mounted Display Virtual Reality Technology

2020

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Cognitive Measures and Performance on the Antisaccade Eye Movement Task

Cited by 15 publications

References 58 publications

Age-related alterations in inhibitory control investigated using the minimally delayed oculomotor response task

Age-related alterations in inhibitory control investigated using the minimally delayed oculomotor response task

Peer Review #1 of "Age-related alterations in inhibitory control investigated using the minimally delayed oculomotor response task (v0.1)"

Assessing Saccadic Eye Movements With Head-Mounted Display Virtual Reality Technology

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