Cognitive and behavioural treatments of fear of blushing, sweating or trembling

Scholing, Agnes; Emmelkamp, P.M.G.

doi:10.1016/0005-7967(93)90067-5

Cited by 99 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Based on the (limited) research, a case can be made for fear of showing anxiety symptoms as a subtype or specifier, as this would contribute to the developmental and cultural sensitivity of DSM-V and may inform treatment decisions. On the other hand, the core feature of SAD is the fear of negative evaluation, either because of the person's (1) behavior, (2) anxiety symptoms, (3) appearance, or (4) personality (e.g., [3,69,70,209] ). Therefore, including a specifier fear of showing anxiety symptoms implies the need to include these three other specifiers as well.…”

Section: Discussion/preliminary Recommendations For Dsm-vmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[51] Treatment response. Treatments that have been evaluated for SAD patients with fear of anxiety symptoms are exposure, [68][69][70] cognitive therapy, [52,70,71] social skills training, [71] applied relaxation, [52] and task concentration training. [52,68,69] Results indicate that all of these treatments are helpful, with task concentration training being somewhat more helpful than applied relaxation [52] or exposure.…”

Section: Fear Of Showing Anxiety Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social anxiety disorder: questions and answers for the DSM-V

et al. 2010

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Background: This review evaluates the DSM-IV criteria of social anxiety disorder (SAD), with a focus on the generalized specifier and alternative specifiers, the considerable overlap between the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for SAD and avoidant personality disorder, and developmental issues. Method: A literature review was conducted, using the validators provided by the DSM-V Spectrum Study Group. This review presents a number of options and preliminary recommendations to be considered for DSM-V. Results/Conclusions: Little supporting evidence was found for the current specifier, generalized SAD. Rather, the symptoms of individuals with SAD appear to fall along a continuum of severity based on the number of fears. Available evidence suggested the utility of a specifier indicating a ''predominantly performance'' variety of SAD. A specifier based on ''fear of showing anxiety symptoms'' (e.g., blushing) was considered. However, a tendency to show anxiety symptoms is a core fear in SAD, similar to acting or appearing in a certain way. More research is needed before considering subtyping SAD based on core fears. SAD was found to be a valid diagnosis in children and adolescents. Selective mutism could be considered in part as a young child's avoidance response to social fears. Pervasive test anxiety may belong not only to SAD, but also to generalized anxiety disorder. The data are equivocal regarding whether to consider avoidant personality disorder simply a severe form of SAD. Secondary data analyses, field trials, and validity tests are needed to investigate the recommendations and options. Depression and Anxiety 27:168-189, 2010. Key words: DSM-V; social anxiety disorder; social phobia; subtypes; classification; interpersonal; performance; test anxiety; selective mutism; avoidant personality disorder INTRODUCTIONThis review evaluates several issues pertaining to the diagnostic criteria for social phobia or social anxiety disorder (SAD) (Table 1), in light of empirical evidence gathered since DSM-IV. The review was guided by questions posed in the DSM-IV Sourcebook (Vol. 2), chapters titled ''Social phobia'' [1] and ''Social phobia subtypes,''[2] a review conducted as part of the DSM-V Stress Induced and Fear Circuitry Disorders Workgroup Conference, titled ''Social Phobia: Towards DSM V, '' [3] by questions posed by the DSM-V Anxiety, OC Spectrum, Posttraumatic, and Dissociative Disorder Work Group and by issues raised by consulted experts and advisors. The main issues to be addressed are the generalized specifier and its alternatives, the overlap with avoidant personality disorder, and developmental issues including the relationship that SAD shows in childhood with selective mutism (SM) and test anxiety. STATEMENT OF THE ISSUESThis review addresses the following questions, using the validators provided by the DSM-V Task Force: (1) What is the evidence/utility of the DSM-IV generalized specifier? If there is insufficient evidence/utility for a generalized specifier, what is the utility/evidence for alternative sub...

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Section: Discussion/preliminary Recommendations For Dsm-vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fear Of Showing Anxiety Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social anxiety disorder: questions and answers for the DSM-V

et al. 2010

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“…Em relação à TCog, não houve consenso sobre a eficácia de sua associação com estratégias comportamentais devido à grande variedade de resultados contraditórios encontrados 5,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16]18,19 , o que não invalida a utilização desse modelo na prática clínica.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Ainda existem poucas pesquisas na literatura avaliando o valor dos experimentos comportamentais isoladamente 22,23 , enquanto muitos ensaios 5,11,12,15,16,18,20,23 têm avaliado a terapia cognitiva em vez de detalhar suas estratégias específicas. Embora a maioria das intervenções realizadas nesses ensaios tenha sido grupal, os melhores resultados foram encontrados com o tratamento individual 30,31 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Terapias cognitivo-comportamentais, terapias cognitivas e técnicas comportamentais para o transtorno de ansiedade social

Mululo¹,

Menezes²,

Fontenelle³

et al. 2009

Rev. psiquiatr. clín.

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ResumoContexto: Pacientes com transtorno de ansiedade social respondem de forma distinta a diferentes tipos de terapias cognitivas e/ou comportamentais, o que motiva a avaliação das melhores técnicas para o tratamento desse transtorno. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática de estudos controlados que avaliaram a eficácia das técnicas cognitivo e/ ou comportamentais na redução do transtorno de ansiedade social. Método: Análise sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados indexados nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed/MedLine, PsycINFO, Registro Cochrane de Ensaios Controlados, LILACS, ISI/Web of Science e em artigos relacionados. Resultados: Não se encontrou consenso sobre a eficácia da associação da terapia cognitiva com técnicas comportamentais. Novas técnicas (tratamento por realidade virtual, tarefa de casa via computador e autoterapia com assistência terapêutica) demonstraram ser tão eficazes quanto aquelas utilizadas na terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) padrão. A associação da TCC com evitação de comportamentos de segurança e com o treino de habilidades sociais apresentou vantagem adicional em relação ao modelo convencional. Entre as técnicas comportamentais, o treino em tarefa de concentração e a exposição foram as estratégias mais eficazes. O tratamento individual foi mais efetivo do que em grupo e o modelo de sessões semanais foi mais eficaz do que sessões no mínimo quinzenais. Conclusão: Os estudos avaliados confirmaram que tanto técnicas cognitivas quanto comportamentais (convencionais e inovadoras) são eficazes no tratamento do transtorno de ansiedade social.Mululo SCC, et al. / Rev Psiq Clín. 2009;36(6):221-8 Palavras-chave: Transtorno de ansiedade social, terapias cognitivo-comportamentais, terapias cognitivas, ensaios clínicos controlados, revisão sistemática. AbstractBackground: Patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) exhibit distinctive patterns of response to different types of cognitive and/or behavioral treatment. Therefore, it is imperative to assess the best techniques used for the treatment of this disorder. Objective: The aim of this paper is to perform a systematic review of controlled studies that evaluated the efficacy of cognitive and/or behavioral techniques on the treatment of SAD. Method: A systematic analysis of randomized clinical trials indexed in the following databases was made: PubMed/MedLine, PsycINFO, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, LILACS, ISI Web of Science, and related articles. Results: No consensus on the efficacy of associating cognitive and behavioral therapies was found. Novel techniques (such as virtual reality, bycomputer homework, and self therapy with therapeutic assistance) were found to be as effective as standard cognitivebehavioral therapy (CBT). The association of CBT with the avoidance of safety behaviors, as well as with social skills training was associated with an additional advantage. As for behavioral therapy, focus training and exposure therapy were considered to be the most effective techniques. Further, individual treatment was ...

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“…Os estudos controlados avaliados apontam para a eficácia das intervenções cognitivas e comportamentais (tais como EXP e TTC), sozinhas ou associadas a outras técni-cas (relaxamento e treino em respiração), na redução dos sintomas do TAS [17][18][19] quando comparadas a outros tipos de abordagens psicoterápicas ou a grupo controle [21][22][23][24][25][26][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]41,43 . Tais achados são confi rmados por Acarturk et al 52 em estudo meta-analítico recente que afi rmou também que essa efi cácia tende a se manter e, em alguns casos, até melhorar nas medidas de follow-up.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Eficácia do tratamento cognitivo e/ou comportamental para o transtorno de ansiedade social

Mululo

Menezes

Fontenelle

et al. 2009

Rev. psiquiatr. Rio Gd. Sul

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ResumoObjetivo: Avaliar a efi cácia do tratamento cognitivo e/ou comportamental no transtorno de ansiedade social quando comparado a outras intervenções terapêuticas, incluindo farmacoterapia. Método: Realizamos análise sistemática de todos os ensaios clínicos controlados randomizados envolvendo terapia cognitiva e/ou comportamental versus outras formas de tratamento, publicados até março de 2009, indexados nas seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Registro Cochrane de Ensaios Controlados, LILACS e ISI/Web of Science. Resultados: Os estudos avaliados não demonstraram diferenças signifi cativas entre a terapia cognitiva e/ou comportamental e a farmacoterapia. Esses tratamentos combinados não apresentaram maior efi cácia do que as intervenções isoladamente. Quando comparada ao grupo controle, a terapia cognitiva e/ou comportamental é efi caz na redução dos sintomas de ansiedade social, tanto no seu formato padrão quanto nas novas formas de intervenção. A exceção foi o treino em habilidades sociais, que, isoladamente, não se mostrou efi caz. A terapia cognitiva e/ou comportamental também demonstrou ser superior aos outros tipos de psicoterapias. Conclusão: A terapia cognitiva e/ou comportamental mostrou-se efi caz na redução da ansiedade social em pacientes com transtorno de ansiedade social. No entanto, a heterogeneidade dos estudos avaliados, seja no que diz respeito a aspectos envolvendo o tratamento (duração do tratamento e protocolos utilizados) ou os pacientes avaliados (gravidade e forma de recrutamento), difi cultaram a comparação dos resultados. Novos estudos de tratamento cognitivo e/ou comportamental e novas revisões envolvendo essas abordagens são necessários para melhor avaliação de nossos achados. Descritores: Fobia social, terapia cognitiva, terapia comportamental, transtorno de ansiedade social, revisão. AbstractObjective: To ascertain whether cognitive and/or behavioral treatment of patients with social anxiety disorder is superior in terms of effi cacy than other types of therapeutic interventions, including pharmacotherapy. Method: Systematic analysis of all randomized clinical trials on cognitive and/or behavioral therapy vs. other forms of treatment, published until March 2009, indexed in the following databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, LILACS and ISI Web of Science. Results: The reported results do not suggest signifi cant differences in the effi cacy of cognitive and/or behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy. Such treatments combined did not show higher effi cacy than interventions alone. Compared with the control group, cognitive and/or behavioral therapy was superior in reducing social anxiety disorder, either in the classic model or in the newest propositions. The only exception was the social skills training, which was not effective for patients with social anxiety disorder. Cognitive and/or behavioral therapy was also superior to other psychotherapeutic interventions. Conclusion: Cognitive and/or behavioral therapy is an effective treatment for pati...

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Cognitive and behavioural treatments of fear of blushing, sweating or trembling

Cited by 99 publications

References 15 publications

Social anxiety disorder: questions and answers for the DSM-V

Social anxiety disorder: questions and answers for the DSM-V

Terapias cognitivo-comportamentais, terapias cognitivas e técnicas comportamentais para o transtorno de ansiedade social

Eficácia do tratamento cognitivo e/ou comportamental para o transtorno de ansiedade social

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