Coccophagus basalis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): Its Introduction into California with Studies of Its Biology1

Flanders, Stanley E.; Bartlett, B. R.; Fisher, Tom

doi:10.1093/aesa/54.2.227

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…This however, is probably just an incomplete statement of the male's host relationship. Flanders, 1959aFlanders, , b, 1967Doutt et al, 1976Flanders et at., 1961Flanders, 1967Flanders, 1937, 1967Annecke, 1961; tlnnecke 3i Insley, 1974Flanders in Compere, 1940Flanders, 1953a, 1959a, b, 1967Flanders, 1936c, 1967 Heteronomous hyperparasitoids: females are primary endoparasitoids of homopterous hosts, and males develop hyperparasitically (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Postulated Evolutionary Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A11 diploid eggs are deposited endoparasitically and develop as primary parasitoids Compere, 1940;Flanders, 1959a;Flanders et al, 1961Flanders, 1936b. c, 1937, 1953a.…”

Section: Female Develops In (A) Diaspididae ( B )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heterott-ophic parasitoids: females are primary endoparasitoids of Homoptera, and males are primary endoparasitoids of lepidopterous eggs (Figs 1 8r 2 Beingolea, 1958Rojas, 1968Flanders, 1924, 1925, 1926Davies et al, 1933 Heteronomous hyperparasitoids that deposit their haploid eggs indirectly. A11 diploid eggs are deposited endoparasitically and develop as primary parasitoids Compere, 1940;Flanders, 1959a;Flanders et al, 1961Flanders, 1936b. c, 1937, 1953a.…”

Section: E U X a N T H E H Philippinementioning

confidence: 99%

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‘Divergent male ontogenies’ in Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): a simplified classification and a suggested evolutionary sequence

Walter¹

1983

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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A classification of the different types of divergent male ontogeny in Aphelinidae is proposed to replace the little known and cumbersome systems previously published. All the Aphelinidae in which conspecific males and females have different host relationships, i.e. those that have divergent ontogenies, are here designated heteronomous parasitoids. Females of these species are primary endoparasitoids of Homoptera. The males of (i) diphagous parasitoids are primary ectoparasitoids of the same host species exploited by their females, (ii) heteronomous hyperparasitoids develop hyperparasitically, and (iii) heterotrophic species are endoparasitoids of lepidopterous eggs. Heteronomous hyperparasitoids can be classified further as obligate autoparasitoids, facultative autoparasitoids or alloparasitoids. All the species of heteronomous aphelinids whose biologies are known are listed according to the new classification, and the evolutionary sequence of these unusual host relationships is discussed.

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Section: Postulated Evolutionary Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A11 diploid eggs are deposited endoparasitically and develop as primary parasitoids Compere, 1940;Flanders, 1959a;Flanders et al, 1961Flanders, 1936b. c, 1937, 1953a.…”

Section: Female Develops In (A) Diaspididae ( B )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E U X a N T H E H Philippinementioning

confidence: 99%

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‘Divergent male ontogenies’ in Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): a simplified classification and a suggested evolutionary sequence

Walter¹

1983

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…The male eggs of some indirect alloparasitoids are usually deposited into hosts that are appropriate for development of conspecific female larvae (e.g., Flanders et al, 1961). Those male eggs hatch and develop only if the egg of a primary parasitoid is deposited subsequently, and the larva that emerges consumes the scale insect entirely, which dries out the host and stimulates hatching of the male larva.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmation of the existence of alloparasitoids in nature – host relationships of an Australian Coccophagus species that parasitizes mealy bugs

Walter¹,

Abeeluck²

2006

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Heteronomous hyperparasitoids are parasitic wasps with sex-related host relationships that are unique to a group of genera in the chalcidoid family Aphelinidae. Females are primary parasitoids of various sedentary bugs (mainly, scale insects, mealy bugs, and whiteflies). Males, in contrast, are hyperparasitic, and they frequently develop at the expense of female conspecifics. Alloparasitoids constitute a special category of heteronomous hyperparasitoids, for their males never develop through female conspecifics. The existence of alloparasitic host relationships and the utility of the category 'alloparasitoid' have both been questioned. Here, we present results that confirm the existence of the alloparasitic way of life among heteronomous aphelinids. We investigated an undescribed species of Coccophagus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), an Australian parasitoid that attacks the introduced lantana mealy bug, Phenacoccus parvus Morrison (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in Queensland. A year-long field survey regularly returned large numbers of female Coccophagus spec. near gurneyi individuals from P. parvus (total n = 4212), but only few males (n = 11). Males emerged from samples only when the encyrtid parasitoid Anagyrus diversicornis (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was present in samples in relatively high numbers. Laboratory oviposition tests confirmed that A. diversicornis is a male host and showed that males do not develop at the expense of conspecific females. Other studies show that males are attracted in numbers to virgin females held in cages above mealy bug-infested Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. (Verbenaceae) in the field, demonstrating that they are common in the population as a whole. This confirms that the males need hosts other than conspecific females and that their usual hosts are present outside of the lantana/ P. parvus system. The implications of these results for developing a realistic classification of heteronomous host relationships are discussed.

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“…For example, females of C. caridei (Brèthes) are soft scale parasitoids, but males develop in the mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso) as hyperparasitoids of the encyrtid Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault) (Flanders et al 1961). …”

Section: Families Of Parasitoids Of Parasaissetia Nigramentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasaissetia nigra(Hemiptera: Coccidae) and Its Parasitoids from the GenusCoccophagus(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), with Description of a New Species from Tamaulipas, México

Myartseva

Ruíz-Cancino

Coronado-Blanco

2014

Florida Entomologist

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Coccophagus basalis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): Its Introduction into California with Studies of Its Biology1

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

‘Divergent male ontogenies’ in Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): a simplified classification and a suggested evolutionary sequence

‘Divergent male ontogenies’ in Aphelinidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): a simplified classification and a suggested evolutionary sequence

Confirmation of the existence of alloparasitoids in nature – host relationships of an Australian Coccophagus species that parasitizes mealy bugs

Parasaissetia nigra(Hemiptera: Coccidae) and Its Parasitoids from the GenusCoccophagus(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), with Description of a New Species from Tamaulipas, México

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