Cocaine use by older populations, sleep quality, and associated risks

Dokkedal‐Silva, Vinícius; Kim, Lenise Jihe; Galduróz, José Carlos Fernandes; Tufik, Sérgio; Andersen, Mônica Levy

doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0109

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…16 Memory can be severely impaired in patients using cocaine, and if these patients are elderly adults-especially adults who have been diagnosed with dementia-the symptoms may immediately be attributed to their baseline clinical condition. 52 These challenges with the diagnosis of cocaine in the elderly are attributable to inadequate research as well as the assumption that any presenting symptoms are due to pre-existing medical conditions (particularly in the hospital setting, where providers are less likely to be familiar with an individual's behavioral habits than a primary care provider), relatively short healthcare provider visits that do not allow enough time for deeper exploration of the patient's problems, low index of suspicion by the clinician, and the fact that denial is not uncommon by both the elderly and their caretakers. 13,21,53 Detection of cocaine use from physical samples is possible but is not uniformly available, and sensitivity varies markedly by sample modality and location.…”

Section: Challenges Faced With Diagnosis and Treatment Of Cocaine Use...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use, Effects, and Diagnostic Challenges of Cocaine Use in “Baby Boomers” and Older Adults

Akwe,

Moussa,

Hall

2023

Journal of Brown Hospital Medicine

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Introduction: Substance use disorder (SUD) is frequently recognized in the literature as an epidemic in the United States, but less attention has been paid to the scale of the epidemic among people older than 60 years of age. As the cohort of individuals in this age group grows as a proportion of the population—the so-called aging of the population—the incidence of SUD in older adults will increase numerically as well. While most existing literature on SUD in the elderly has focused on alcohol, opioids, and prescription drugs, the number of users of stimulant drugs like cocaine and methamphetamine is also growing. We review literature on the use, effects, and diagnostic challenges of cocaine in adults in the so-called “Baby Boomer generation” (ages 59-77 in 2023), particularly those ≥65 years. Methods: We performed a literature review of PubMed and Web of Science databases, supplemented by Google Scholar using combinations of “cocaine,” “elderly,” and “older adults.” We searched the reference sections of particularly salient articles and utilized PubMed’s and Google Scholars’ “Cited By” and “Similar Articles” functions to find additional materials to include. We produced an annotated bibliography containing title and author information for each paper along with its abstract to select the papers to include; each author reviewed this bibliography to determine if articles were relevant, and if so, in which section(s) the material should be included. A total of 66 references have been included in this review. Results: Both lifetime and current cocaine use appear to be more prevalent among members of the “Baby Boomer generation” than older cohorts. Though there has been limited research to inform clinical care for older adults who use cocaine, negative physical and psychosocial impacts have been noted in the literature. Cocaine use disorder may negatively affect the elderly more than younger users because of the increased vulnerability of their aging bodies to the physiological and cognitive effects of cocaine. Underdiagnosis of cocaine use in the elderly may be attributable to the assumption that any presenting symptoms are due to pre-existing medical conditions or that older adults are less likely to consume cocaine. Conclusions: There is little information currently in the literature to help clinicians understand patterns and epidemiology of cocaine use, its effects on older adults and their common presentations after experiencing adverse events, and challenges of diagnosing and treating cocaine use in older adults. Additional research is needed to describe use and effects of cocaine on the elderly, particularly on age-related comorbid conditions and interactions with medications.

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Section: Challenges Faced With Diagnosis and Treatment Of Cocaine Use...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use, Effects, and Diagnostic Challenges of Cocaine Use in “Baby Boomers” and Older Adults

Akwe,

Moussa,

Hall

2023

Journal of Brown Hospital Medicine

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“…The social environments of older adults who use drugs were reported descriptively [94,95], particularly regarding employment [96], educational attainment [97], housing status [93] and marital status [79]. Other publications considered elements of the social environments, such as social isolation [98] and stigmatization [45], as outcomes of drug use, or as predictors of drug use and harm reduction behaviours among older adults [47,49,84,99,100].…”

Section: Content Areas Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing and older people who use illicit opioids, cocaine or methamphetamine: a scoping review and literature map

et al. 2022

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Aims: To provide an overview of research literature on ageing and older people who use illicit opioids and stimulants by documenting the conceptual frameworks used and content areas that have been investigated. Methods: We conducted a scoping review of literature relating to ageing and older people who use illicit stimulants and opioids, defining 'older' as 40 years and above. Primary studies, secondary studies and editorials were included. Searches were conducted in PubMed and Embase in July 2020 and March 2021; the Cochrane library was searched in November 2021. Charted data included methodological details, any conceptual frameworks explicitly applied by authors and the content areas that were the focus of the publication. We developed a hierarchy of content areas and mapped this to provide a visual guide to the research area. Results: Of the 164 publications included in this review, only 16 explicitly applied a conceptual framework. Seven core content areas were identified, with most publications contributing to multiple content areas: acknowledgement of drug use among older people (n = 64), health status (n = 129), health services (n = 109), drug use practices and patterns (n = 84), social environments (n = 74), the criminal legal system (n = 28) and quality of life (n = 15). Conclusions: The literature regarding older people who use illicit drugs remains undertheorized. Conceptual frameworks are rarely applied and few have been purposely adapted to this population. Health status and health services access and use are among the most frequently researched topics in this area.

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