Coagulation behavior of polyaluminum chloride: Effects of pH and coagulant dosage

Lv²,

et al. 2016

BioResources

a Cellulose-based flocculants have shown excellent performance for wastewater flocculation, being low-cost and eco-friendly. However, they are still disturbed by the problems of incomplete biodegradability and unstable chemical structure. In the present study, 2,3,6-tricarboxylate cellulose (TCC) was developed as a novel fully biodegradable flocculant to deal with the preceding problems. The key carboxymethylation of cellulose was first carried out to make the subsequent NaIO4 oxidation occur under homogeneous conditions, which greatly enhanced the carboxylate content of the final TCC products. The chemical structure and solution properties of the TCCs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer system (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), charge density, particle size, and zeta potential. The flocculation performance of the TCCs was evaluated preliminarily by the turbidity removal of kaolin suspension. The positive results showed that all the TCC products had high carboxylate contents (more than 10 mmol/g) and zeta potentials. They exhibited excellent flocculation performance for the kaolin suspensions, in which the residual turbidities decreased from 610 to 14.9 NTU. Considering the degradation of cellulose caused by excessive NaIO4 oxidation, the TCC IV, together with its synthesis technology, could be used for practical applications in wastewater flocculation.

Section: Influence Of Ph On Coagulationsupporting

confidence: 72%

2,3,6-Tricarboxylate Cellulose as a Fully Biodegradable Flocculant: Efficient Synthesis and Flocculation Performance

Lv²,

et al. 2016

BioResources

Environmental Engineering Science

“…For these experiments, d P is taken to be the average diameter of kaolinite clay particles, found by Wei et al (2015) and Sun et al (2015) to be 7 mm. The concentration can be converted from NTU to the necessary mass/ volume (mg/L) unit by using as a proportion the measurement reported by Wei et al (2015) of 68 NTU for 100 mg/L of kaolinite clay. Last, the density was assumed to be 2.65 g/cm 3 for kaolinite.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PACl, polyaluminum chloride. surfaces of kaolinite are mostly negatively charged (Wei et al, 2015). Therefore, it follows that PACl precipitates will likely have more affinity for kaolinite surfaces than for other PACl precipitates.…”

Section: Fig 4 Fit Of Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hydrodynamic and Surface Coverage Model Capable of Predicting Settled Effluent Turbidity Subsequent to Hydraulic Flocculation

Pennock

Weber-ShirkMonroe

LionLeonard

2018

A widely applicable hydraulic flocculator design model would facilitate increased adoption of this sustainable technology. To this end, the authors previously proposed rate equations for the removal of nonsettleable aggregates in hydraulic flocculators (Pennock et al.). This work continues the prior effort by developing two models for coupled flocculation/sedimentation performance. The first model describes settled effluent turbidity for flocculators where the relative velocities between particles are dominated by viscous forces (e.g., laminar flows). Similarly, the second model applies where inertial forces dominate. Predictions of these models were compared with laboratory-scale flocculation/ sedimentation data obtained from both a laminar-and a turbulent-flow flocculator. The viscous equation fit data from the laminar flow flocculator well. For the turbulent flocculator, both models gave good fits of the data, but the inertial model performed slightly better. The similarity of the two models under the experimental constraints explains this result, and further study in different conditions is needed to delineate the applicability of the models in turbulent flocculation. Given the similarity between the models and that the product of the mean fluid velocity gradient applicable to laminar flow (G) and hydraulic residence time (h), Gh, has historically been used in flocculator design, it is recommended that the viscous flocculation model introduced in this article be used. The new flocculation models have a single adjustable parameter and, in addition to being able to predict settled effluent turbidity from coagulant dose, also provide reasonable estimates of flocculator design parameters from first principles and dimensional analysis.

Media Komunikasi Teknologi

“…Penelitian dengan memanfaatkan serbuk biji kelor dan ekstrak biji kelor telah dilakukan untuk menurunkan kandungan logam Pb pada limbah cair industri [12]. Proses koagulasi berlangsung optimum pada pH 7-10 [13]. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serbuk biji kelor dengan dosis 2 gr/L mampu menurunkan kandungan logam Pb dalam air limbah dari 3,5 mg/L menjadi 1,5 mg/L.…”

Section: Biji Kelorunclassified

Kajian Metode Koagulasi Pada Pengolahan Air Sumur Mengandung Timbal Bervalensi Ii Di Kota Pasuruan

Kusdarini

2016

One of the major needs in human life is water. Some communities in the town of Pasuruan still use well water for cooking and drinking. Based on previous studies it is known that five samples of well water in the town of Pasuruan containing Pb above the maximum limit water requirements based on Regulation of the ABSTRAKSalah satu kebutuhan utama dalam kehidupan manusia adalah air bersih. Sebagian masyarakat kota Pasuruan masih menggunakan air sumur untuk masak dan minum. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya diketahui bahwa lima sampel air sumur di kota Pasuruan mengandung logam Pb di atas batas maksimum persyaratan air bersih berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 416/MENKES/PER/IX/1990. Salah satu metode sederhana yang bisa menurunkan kandungan logam Pb dalam air adalah koagulasi. Tujuan penulisan adalah : 1) mendapatkan data koagulan yang bisa menurunkan kandungan logam Pb; 2) memperoleh efisiensi koagulan; 3) merekomendasikan koagulan yang bisa digunakan untuk mengolah air sumur mengandung logam Pb. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pengambilan data dari studi kepustakaan. Penulisan dilakukan dalam empat tahap : 1) mencari data hasil analisa laboratorium sampel air sumur; 2) membandingkan hasil analisa dengan persyaratan air bersih; 3) mencari koagulan yang bisa digunakan untuk menurunkan kandungan logam Pb dalam air; 4) mengkaji efisiensi koagulan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa : 1) koagulan yang bisa digunakan untuk menurunkan kandungan logam Pb adalah : a) air laut; b) serbuk biji kelor; c) serbuk eceng gondok teraktivasi 2%; d) alum 20 mg/L dan 1250 mg/L; e) FeCl3; 2) efisiensi koagulan air laut mencapai 95,5%, serbuk biji kelor mencapai 95,6%, serbuk eceng gondok teraktivasi mencapai 96%; alum 20 mg/L mencapai 36%, alum 1250 mg/L mencapai 67%; FeCl3 mencapai 84%; 3) koagulan yang bisa digunakan untuk mengolah lima sampel sumur adalah air laut, serbuk biji kelor, serbuk eceng gondok teraktivasi NaOH 2%, dan FeCl3 1000 mg/L. Kata kunci: air, bersih, Pasuruan, Pb, sumur PENDAHULUANAir bersih merupakan kebutuhan utama bagi kehidupan manusia. Kualitas kehidupan manusia bisa dilihat dari air bersih yang digunakan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan pada