Coagulation and settling of Amazon River suspended sediment

Particle assemblage characterization in the Rhone River ROFI

“…These estimations were in line with measurements of Manning and Schoellhamer (2013) in the San Francisco Bay and showed that due to their larger size macro-flocs settled more rapidly than micro-flocs and probably left the river plume and settled to the BNL. This rapid settling of flocs was shown by other studies on various rivers (Fly River: Ayukai and Wolanski, 1997 andDagg et al, 2004;Po River: Milligan et al, 2007;Eel River: Hill et al, 2000;Amazon River: Gibbs and Konwar, 1986;Burdekin River: Bainbridge et al, 2012). However, during the present study, wave-and current-induced resuspension also likely contributed to the high particle volume concentration observed close to the seabed (~10 µL L -1 ) and the formation of large flocs in the BNL.…”

Particle assemblage characterization in the Rhone River ROFI

“…These estimations were in line with measurements of Manning and Schoellhamer (2013) in the San Francisco Bay and showed that due to their larger size macro-flocs settled more rapidly than micro-flocs and probably left the river plume and settled to the BNL. This rapid settling of flocs was shown by other studies on various rivers (Fly River: Ayukai and Wolanski, 1997 andDagg et al, 2004;Po River: Milligan et al, 2007;Eel River: Hill et al, 2000;Amazon River: Gibbs and Konwar, 1986;Burdekin River: Bainbridge et al, 2012). However, during the present study, wave-and current-induced resuspension also likely contributed to the high particle volume concentration observed close to the seabed (~10 µL L -1 ) and the formation of large flocs in the BNL.…”

Mercury in the Amazon basin: Human influence or natural geological pattern?

“…The results showed a trend of higher concentrations of Hg in muddy sediments, maybe related to 85-90% of the sediment discharge composition of the Amazonian discharge (Gibbs and Konwar, 1986;Warne et al, 2002). This is probably due to the metal affinity of Hg to anionic clay minerals, particularly Kaolinite and Montmorillonite (Siqueira et al, 2016), and organic matter, thus forming an aggregate component.…”

Quantifying the Structure and Composition of Flocculated Suspended Particulate Matter Using Focused Ion Beam Nanotomography

“…The suspension had a SPM concentration of approximately 500 mg L –1 , within a typical range observed in natural estuaries. Individual flocs were sampled using a wide-mouthed pipet to avoid floc breakage and transferred immediately to 1.5 mL vials for stabilization , to minimize storage artifacts. ,, …”

Particle assemblage characterization in the Rhone River ROFI

“…These estimations were in line with measurements of Manning and Schoellhamer (2013) in the San Francisco Bay and showed that due to their larger size macro-flocs settled more rapidly than micro-flocs and probably left the river plume and settled to the BNL. This rapid settling of flocs was shown by other studies on various rivers (Fly River: Ayukai and Wolanski, 1997 andDagg et al, 2004;Po River: Milligan et al, 2007;Eel River: Hill et al, 2000;Amazon River: Gibbs and Konwar, 1986;Burdekin River: Bainbridge et al, 2012). However, during the present study, wave-and current-induced resuspension also likely contributed to the high particle volume concentration observed close to the seabed (~10 µL L -1 ) and the formation of large flocs in the BNL.…”

Mercury in the Amazon basin: Human influence or natural geological pattern?

“…The results showed a trend of higher concentrations of Hg in muddy sediments, maybe related to 85-90% of the sediment discharge composition of the Amazonian discharge (Gibbs and Konwar, 1986;Warne et al, 2002). This is probably due to the metal affinity of Hg to anionic clay minerals, particularly Kaolinite and Montmorillonite (Siqueira et al, 2016), and organic matter, thus forming an aggregate component.…”

Quantifying the Structure and Composition of Flocculated Suspended Particulate Matter Using Focused Ion Beam Nanotomography

“…The suspension had a SPM concentration of approximately 500 mg L –1 , within a typical range observed in natural estuaries. Individual flocs were sampled using a wide-mouthed pipet to avoid floc breakage and transferred immediately to 1.5 mL vials for stabilization , to minimize storage artifacts. ,, …”

Particle assemblage characterization in the Rhone River ROFI

“…These estimations were in line with measurements of Manning and Schoellhamer (2013) in the San Francisco Bay and showed that due to their larger size macro-flocs settled more rapidly than micro-flocs and probably left the river plume and settled to the BNL. This rapid settling of flocs was shown by other studies on various rivers (Fly River: Ayukai and Wolanski, 1997 andDagg et al, 2004;Po River: Milligan et al, 2007;Eel River: Hill et al, 2000;Amazon River: Gibbs and Konwar, 1986;Burdekin River: Bainbridge et al, 2012). However, during the present study, wave-and current-induced resuspension also likely contributed to the high particle volume concentration observed close to the seabed (~10 µL L -1 ) and the formation of large flocs in the BNL.…”

Mercury in the Amazon basin: Human influence or natural geological pattern?

“…The results showed a trend of higher concentrations of Hg in muddy sediments, maybe related to 85-90% of the sediment discharge composition of the Amazonian discharge (Gibbs and Konwar, 1986;Warne et al, 2002). This is probably due to the metal affinity of Hg to anionic clay minerals, particularly Kaolinite and Montmorillonite (Siqueira et al, 2016), and organic matter, thus forming an aggregate component.…”

Quantifying the Structure and Composition of Flocculated Suspended Particulate Matter Using Focused Ion Beam Nanotomography

“…The suspension had a SPM concentration of approximately 500 mg L –1 , within a typical range observed in natural estuaries. Individual flocs were sampled using a wide-mouthed pipet to avoid floc breakage and transferred immediately to 1.5 mL vials for stabilization , to minimize storage artifacts. ,, …”