Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4@PMMA Nanoparticles Promotes Preosteoblast Differentiation through Activation of OPN-BGLAP2-DMP1 Axis and Modulates Osteoclastogenesis under Magnetic Field Conditions

Abstract

The prevalence of osteoporosis in recent years is rapidly increasing. For this reason, there is an urgent need to develop bone substitutes and composites able to enhance the regeneration of damaged tissues which meet the patients’ needs. In the case of osteoporosis, personalized, tailored materials should enhance the impaired healing process and restore the balance between osteoblast and osteoclast activity. In this study, we fabricated a novel hybrid material (Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4@PMMA) and investigated its properties and potential utility in the treatment of osteoporosis. The material structure was investigated with X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance, FTIR-ATR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and selected area (electron) diffraction (SAED). Then, the biological properties of the material were investigated with pre-osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) and pre-osteoclasts (4B12) and in the presence or absence of magnetic field, using RT-qPCR and RT-PCR. During the studies, we established that the impact of the new hybrids on the pre-osteoblasts and pre-osteoclasts could be modified by the presence of the magnetic field, which could influence on the PMMA covered by magnetic nanoparticles impact on the expression of genes related to the apoptosis, cells differentiation, adhesion, microRNAs or regulating the inflammatory processes in both murine cell lines. In summary, the Co0.5Mn0.5Fe2O4@PMMA hybrid may represent a novel approach for material optimization and may be a way forward in the fabrication of scaffolds with enhanced bioactivity that benefits osteoporotic patients.

Magnetic Bone Tissue Engineering: Reviewing the Effects of Magnetic Stimulation on Bone Regeneration and Angiogenesis

“…In the case of osteoporosis, where the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclast activity is compromised, Marycz et al found that a novel magnetic core-shell nanocomposite could re-establish the balance. In their research, it was found that the combination of Co 0.5 Mn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 @PMMA with SMFs (0.2 T) resulted in the stimulation of integrins, which improved pre-osteoblasts activity while inhibiting osteoclasts [44]. A summary of these studies can be seen in Table 2.…”

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Combined with Static Magnetic Fields in Bone Remodeling

“…5 Fe 2 O 4 @PMMA nanoparticle and investigated its potential utility in the treatment of osteoporosis using pre-osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 and pre-osteoclasts 4B12 in the presence of an SMF. The results showed that these nanoparticles promoted osteoblastic differentiation through the activation of the OPN–BGLAP2–DMP1 axis and modulated osteoclastogenesis [ 84 ]. Recently, the authors functionalized Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 OH/Fe 3 O 4 with miR-21/124 to treat MC3T3-E1 and pre-osteoclasts 4B12 cells under an SMF of 200 mT.…”