CO stripping as an electrochemical tool for characterization of Ru@Pt core-shell catalysts

Ochal, Piotr; Fuente, José Luis Gómez de la; Tsypkin, Mikhail; Seland, Frode; Sunde, Svein; Muthuswamy, Navaneethan; Rønning, Magnus; Chen, De; Garcia, Sergio O.; Alayoǧlu, Selim; Eichhorn, Bryan W.

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.02.027

Cited by 122 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The Ru-Pt (1:1) nanoparticles (referred to as Ru@Pt/C, batches 1 and 2) were synthesized by using a sequential polyol process as described in Ochal et al [28]. Ru(acac) 3 was initially reduced in refluxing ethylene glycol in the presence of PVP stabilizer, and cooled down.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Catalyst Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A successful synthesis procedure for a new type of PtRu heterogeneous catalysts with a core-shell structure was established by Alayoglu et al [27] and later supported on carbon by our group [28]. Cumulative evidence of a core-shell structure was based on comprehensive characterization of the nanoparticles by a combination of techniques including TEM, EDS, EXAFS, XANES, FTIR, XRD/PDF, and CO-stripping voltammetry [28][29][30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cumulative evidence of a core-shell structure was based on comprehensive characterization of the nanoparticles by a combination of techniques including TEM, EDS, EXAFS, XANES, FTIR, XRD/PDF, and CO-stripping voltammetry [28][29][30]. The data presented indicated that the Ru@Pt core-shell nanoparticles consisted of metallic, crystallographically disordered Ru cores with 1-2 monolayer thin Pt shells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐Temperature Electrochemical Characterization of Ru Core Pt Shell Fuel Cell Catalyst

et al. 2011

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The electrooxidation of methanol was studied at elevated temperature and pressure by cyclic voltammetry and constant potential experiments at real fuel cell electrocatalysts. Ruthenium core and platinum shell nanoparticles were synthesized by a sequential polyol route, and characterized electrochemically by CO stripping at room temperature to quickly confirm the structure of the synthesized core–shell structure as compared to pure commercial Pt/C and Pt–Ru/C alloy catalysts. A significant promotional effect of Pt decorated Ru cores in the methanol oxidation was found at elevated temperatures and rather high‐electrode potentials. A negative potential shift of the methanol oxidation peak is observed for the Ru@Pt/C core–shell catalyst at moderate temperatures, while a significant shift to positive potentials of the methanol oxidation peak occurs for Pt/C catalysts. The onset potential for methanol oxidation is lowered some 200 mV from room temperature and up to 120 °C for all electrocatalysts, indicating that it is the thermal activity of water adsorption that dictates the onset potential. Direct methanol fuel cell experiments showed only small performance differences between Ru@Pt/C and Pt/C anode electrocatalysts, suggesting the necessity of render possible the formation of surface oxygen species at lower electrode potentials.

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Section: Synthesis Of Catalyst Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐Temperature Electrochemical Characterization of Ru Core Pt Shell Fuel Cell Catalyst

et al. 2011

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“…Since Ru is easily oxidized and dissolved at negative potentials, a redistribution of Ru takes place causing instability of the CO stripping peaks for reference materials containing surface exposed Ru. Such movement of Ru in the system is not observed for pure core-shell particles where the Ru is fully encapsulated [52].…”

Section: Othermentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Kuttiyiel et al, used XANES and EXAFS to verify the oxidation state of the Ni-core and to check the alloying of Au and Pd in the shell for their 4 nm sized AuPd-shell Ni-core particles [24]. Considerable contributions in this field have also been done by the group of Eichhorn [50][51][52].…”

Section: Absorption Spectroscopiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Determine the Core-Shell Nature in Bimetallic Catalyst Particles?

Westsson

Koper

2014

Catalysts

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Nanometer-sized materials have significantly different chemical and physical properties compared to bulk material. However, these properties do not only depend on the elemental composition but also on the structure, shape, size and arrangement. Hence, it is not only of great importance to develop synthesis routes that enable control over the final structure but also characterization strategies that verify the exact nature of the nanoparticles obtained. Here, we consider the verification of contemporary synthesis strategies for the preparation of bimetallic core-shell particles in particular in relation to potential particle structures, such as partial absence of core, alloying and raspberry-like surface. It is discussed what properties must be investigated in order to fully confirm a covering, pinhole free shell and which characterization techniques can provide such information. Not uncommonly, characterization strategies of core-shell particles rely heavily on visual imaging like transmission electron microscopy. The strengths and weaknesses of various techniques based on scattering, diffraction, transmission and absorption for investigating core-shell particles are discussed and, in particular, cases where structural ambiguities still remain will be highlighted. Our main conclusion is that for particles with extremely thin or mono-layered shells-i.e., structures outside the limitation of most imaging techniques-other strategies, not involving spectroscopy or imaging, are to be employed. We will provide a specific example of Fe-Pt core-shell particles prepared in bicontinuous microemulsion and point out the difficulties that arise in the characterization process of such particles. OPEN ACCESSCatalysts 2014, 4 376

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Elektrochemie von Nanopartikeln

et al. 2014

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Metall‐Nanopartikel (NPs) haben aufgrund ihrer einzigartigen physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften ein großes Anwendungspotential. Für die Katalyse und Elektrokatalyse sind NPs vor allem wegen ihres großen Oberfläche‐Masse‐Verhältnisses und ihrer möglichen zielgerichteten Anpassung für bestimmte Reaktionspfade von Interesse. Die Aktivität von NPs kann insbesondere elektrochemisch, durch die direkte Analyse der Grenzflächenchemie, erforscht werden. In diesem Aufsatz diskutieren wir Aspekte der Elektrochemie von NPs. Wir stellen Modelluntersuchungen vor, bei denen die Form und Größe der NPs außerordentlich genau kontrolliert werden konnten bzw. deren Stofftransportbedingungen wichtige Einblicke in das Verhalten von NP‐Ensembles geben. Besondere Schwerpunkte bilden die Messung von Reaktionen an Einzel‐NPs und die Beziehung zwischen dem Signal eines Einzel‐NP und seiner Struktur. Dafür wurden innovative Experimente entwickelt, die über die Elektrochemie hinaus auch für die breitere Oberflächen‐ und Kolloidwissenschaft von Interesse sind.

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CO stripping as an electrochemical tool for characterization of Ru@Pt core-shell catalysts

Cited by 122 publications

References 58 publications

High‐Temperature Electrochemical Characterization of Ru Core Pt Shell Fuel Cell Catalyst

High‐Temperature Electrochemical Characterization of Ru Core Pt Shell Fuel Cell Catalyst

How to Determine the Core-Shell Nature in Bimetallic Catalyst Particles?

Elektrochemie von Nanopartikeln

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