Co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste plastics as a thermochemical conversion technology for high-grade biofuel production: Recent progress and future directions elsewhere worldwide

Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis : Focusing on aqueous phase characterization

“…The first one is the catalytic cracking of (Z)-13-docosenamide to form 9octadecenamide and alkene. The 9-octadecenamide is further hydrolyzed to octadec-9-enoic acid and NH 3 . The presence of 9-octadecenamide from the GC-MS analysis and the increase of hydrocarbon from the NMR analysis could support this hypothesis.…”

“…Biomass is one of the widespread, abundant, and sustainable renewable energies in the world. It gains tremendous attention over the last decade for biomass‐based biofuel production through thermochemical conversion technologies . Drying as the prior step for most thermochemical ways, such as combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification would consume a lot of energy.…”

“…It gains tremendous attention over the last decade for biomass-based biofuel production through thermochemical conversion technologies. [1][2][3] Drying as the prior step for most thermochemical ways, such as combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification would consume a lot of energy. As one of the thermochemical conversion methods, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) can directly treat the wet biomass in water without predrying.…”

Effect of cosolvent and addition of catalyst (HZSM‐5) on hydrothermal liquefaction of macroalgae

“…[10][11][12] Due to algae biomass is widely distributed, does not occupy cultivated land, and has a fast growth cycle, there is a broad prospect for using algal biomass as a potential source. [15][16][17] Hydrothermal liquefaction can be defined as a process of thermal depolymerization that converts biomass into bio-oil at high temperatures and pressures. Because of the considerable amount of water in the algae biomass (up to 90%), direct combustion and pyrolysis consume greater energy for algae dehydration.…”

“…In contrary, the hydrothermal liquefaction process is the favorable mode for biofuel production from wet algae. [15][16][17] Hydrothermal liquefaction can be defined as a process of thermal depolymerization that converts biomass into bio-oil at high temperatures and pressures. 11,18,19 Hydrothermal liquefaction allows large-scale treatment of algae with a higher amount of water content, therefore avoiding the expense of energy required for drying.…”