“…This reflects a historical trend towards the marginalisation of academic research into CMEs (Kalmi, 2007), which has been attributed to their ‘hybrid’ nature not fitting comfortably into either the mainstream IOF business model, or the NFPSE environment (Levi & Davis, 2008). Although the CME business model challenges some of the assumptions of mainstream economics, it is an alternative form of organisation that has a long history of contributions to individuals, organisations and communities (Novkovic, 2008; Whyman, 2012; Rowley & Michie, 2014). However, they have not been widely or routinely studied in the management sciences or core business disciplines.…”