Co-evolution

Jacobs, David S.; Bastian, Anna

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32492-0_1

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Indeed, species of neotropical butterflies equipped with a shorter abdomen and larger thorax were more successful at evading predators than species with shorter thoraces and longer abdomens [52]. Therefore, in addition to wing elaborations [32,38,46] and bobbing flight behaviour [32,36–38], our data suggest that the evolution of a large thorax and short abdomen is an additional mechanism contributing to predator avoidance in silkmoths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…However, hovering requires a high power output [35]. Wild silk moths (hereafter ‘silkmoths’) display a flight behaviour that is often described as bobbing or erratic, but fast and agile when escaping from predators [32,36–38]. Silkmoths lack functional mouth parts and must rely on the strictly finite energy stores, gathered during the larval period, throughout their entire, albeit short, reproductive adult life stage [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptive shifts underlie the divergence in wing morphology in bombycoid moths

et al. 2021

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The evolution of flapping flight is linked to the prolific success of insects. Across Insecta, wing morphology diversified, strongly impacting aerodynamic performance. In the presence of ecological opportunity, discrete adaptive shifts and early bursts are two processes hypothesized to give rise to exceptional morphological diversification. Here, we use the sister-families Sphingidae and Saturniidae to answer how the evolution of aerodynamically important traits is linked to clade divergence and through what process(es) these traits evolve. Many agile Sphingidae evolved hover feeding behaviours, while adult Saturniidae lack functional mouth parts and rely on a fixed energy budget as adults. We find that Sphingidae underwent an adaptive shift in wing morphology coincident with life history and behaviour divergence, evolving small high aspect ratio wings advantageous for power reduction that can be moved at high frequencies, beneficial for flight control. By contrast, Saturniidae, which do not feed as adults, evolved large wings and morphology which surprisingly does not reduce aerodynamic power, but could contribute to their erratic flight behaviour, aiding in predator avoidance. We suggest that after the evolution of flapping flight, diversification of wing morphology can be potentiated by adaptative shifts, shaping the diversity of wing morphology across insects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive shifts underlie the divergence in wing morphology in bombycoid moths

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indeed, species of neotropical butterflies equipped with a shorter abdomen and larger thorax were more successful at evading predators than species with shorter thoraces and longer abdomens [52]. Therefore, in addition to wing elaborations [32, 38, 46] and bobbing flight behavior [32, 36–38], our data suggest that the evolution of a large thorax and short abdomen is an additional mechanism contributing to predator avoidance in silkmoths.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…However, hovering requires a high power output [35]. Wild silk moths (here forth “silkmoths”) display a flight behavior that is often described as bobbing or erratic, but fast and agile when escaping from predators [32, 36–38]. Silkmoths lack functional mouth parts and must rely on the strictly finite energy stores, gathered during the larval period, throughout their entire, albeit short, reproductive adult life stage [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive shifts underlie the divergence in wing morphology in bombycoid moths

Aiello

Tan

Sikandar

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The evolution of flapping flight is linked to the prolific success of insects. Across Insecta, wing morphology diversified, strongly impacting aerodynamic performance. In the presence of ecological opportunity, discrete adaptive shifts and early bursts are two processes hypothesized to give rise to exceptional morphological diversification. Here, we use the sister-families Sphingidae and Saturniidae to answer how the evolution of aerodynamically important traits is linked to clade divergence and through what process(es) these traits evolve. Many agile Sphingidae evolved hover-feeding behaviors, while adult Saturniidae lack functional mouth parts and rely on a fixed energy budget as adults. We find that Sphingidae underwent an adaptive shift in wing morphology coincident with life history and behavior divergence, evolving small high aspect-ratio wings advantageous for power reduction that can be moved at high frequencies, beneficial for flight control. In contrast, Saturniidae, which do not feed as adults, evolved large wings and morphology which surprisingly does not reduce aerodynamic power, but could contribute to their erratic flight behavior, aiding in predator avoidance. We suggest that after the evolution of flapping flight, diversification of wing morphology can be potentiated by adaptative shifts, shaping the diversity of wing morphology across insects.

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“…Saturniidae (wild silkmoths) is one model group for studying the predator-prey arms race (Barber et al, 2015; Kawahara and Barber, 2015; Rubin et al, 2018). Many silkmoth species display a flight behavior often described as bobbing, but can also be fast and agile when escaping from predators (Jacobs and Bastian, 2016; Janzen, 1984; Lewis et al, 1993). Silkmoths lack functional mouth parts and must rely on the strictly finite energy stores, gathered during the larval period, during their entire reproductive adult life stage (Tuskes et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of two distinct strategies of moth flight

Aiello

Sikandar

Minoguchi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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A wide diversity of wing shapes has evolved, but how is aerodynamic strategy coupled to morphological variation? Here we examine how wing shape has evolved across a phylogenetic split between hawkmoths (Sphingidae) and wild silkmoths (Saturniidae), which have divergent life histories, but agile flight behaviors. Combined with kinematics of exemplar species, we find that these two diverse sister families have evolved two distinct strategies for agile flight. Each group has evolved distinct wing shapes in phylogenetic PCA-space. The notoriously agile hawkmoths have not evolved wing shapes typical of maneuverability, but rather ones that reduce power. Instead their kinematics favor maneuverability, primarily through higher wingbeat frequency. In contrast, silkmoths evolved maneuverable wing shapes and use kinematics that reduce power. Therefore, multiple strategies have evolved to achieve similar aerodynamic performance. We suggest flapping wings provide flexible aerodynamics through kinematics and might release morphological constraints, enabling the diversity of wing shapes across extant flyers.

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Co-evolution

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Adaptive shifts underlie the divergence in wing morphology in bombycoid moths

Adaptive shifts underlie the divergence in wing morphology in bombycoid moths

Adaptive shifts underlie the divergence in wing morphology in bombycoid moths

The evolution of two distinct strategies of moth flight

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