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Cited by 404 publications
(112 citation statements)
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“…Otherwise, the battery pack will not be balanced. The average μ and the standard deviation σ of the battery SOC are calculated as follows: μ=1ni=1nSoci0.3emi=1,2,3,,n, σ=1ni=1nitalicSociμ2, where Soc i is the battery SOC value of the i‐ th battery cell, and n is the number of battery cells in the LiB pack.…”
Section: Battery Pack Imbalance Evaluationmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Otherwise, the battery pack will not be balanced. The average μ and the standard deviation σ of the battery SOC are calculated as follows: μ=1ni=1nSoci0.3emi=1,2,3,,n, σ=1ni=1nitalicSociμ2, where Soc i is the battery SOC value of the i‐ th battery cell, and n is the number of battery cells in the LiB pack.…”
Section: Battery Pack Imbalance Evaluationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Compared with batteries, such as lead acid cell and nickel‐cadmium cell, LiB are better in high‐energy density, low self‐discharge rate, and long cycle life. Therefore, LiB is regarded as an important or the only source of electrical energy by several devices and vehicles . However, as the voltage of the LiB cell is relatively low, the capacity for storing electrical energy and the maximum outputting current are limited.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…6,7 To ensure safe and healthy battery operation and to extend battery life to the greatest extent, a variety of research has been carried out to estimate internal battery status, eg, state of charge (SOC), [8][9][10] state of energy (SOE), 11 state of power (SOP), 12 and state of health (SOH). [13][14][15] In addition, balancing techniques used for cells, 16 thermal management, 17 and charging strategies 18,19 are also critical to ensure battery operation with high performance. In particular, the charge control is one of the most important factors and can affect the charging speed, efficiency, temperature rise, and even battery lifespan.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although many kinds of EVs are selling around the world, some technical barriers remain on the way towards high safety, high efficiency, and extended lifetime. For example, the development of a reliable battery management system (BMS) is challenging considering the difficulties in accurate monitoring of key battery states like the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, the development of a reliable battery management system (BMS) is challenging considering the difficulties in accurate monitoring of key battery states like the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH). [1][2][3][4] The SOC estimation strategies in the literature can be categorized into two types: open-loop and closed-loop. 5 The Coulomb counting (CC) method 6 is a typical open-loop strategy to obtain the SOC (SOC t = SOC initial − ηI(t)Δt/Cn, SOC t is the SOC at the time t, SOC initial is Nomenclature: ANN, Artificial neural network; AEKF, Adaptive extended Kalman filter; BMS, Battery management system; CC, Coulomb counting; CKF, Cubature Kalman filter; CRR, Capacity retention ratio; EVs, Electrified vehicles; EKF, Extended Kalman filter; ECM, Equivalent circuit model; FBCRLS, Frisch scheme-based bias compensating recursive least squares; GA, Genetic algorithm; HPPC, Hybrid pulse power characterization; HWFET, Highway fuel economy driving schedule; KF, Kalman filter; ML, Maximum likelihood; MAE, Mean absolute error; NMC, LiNiMnCoO 2 ; NYCC, New york city cycle; OECM, Offset-free equivalent circuit model; OCV, Open circuit voltage; PF, Particle filter; RTLS, Recursive total least squares; RLS, Recursive least squares; RMSE, Root mean square error; SOC, State of charge; SOH, State of health; SVM, Supporting vector machine; SPKF, Sigma-point Kalman filter; SFTP, Supplemental federal test procedure; UKF, Unscented Kalman filter; UPF, Unscented particle filter; UDDS, Urban dynamometer driving schedule; VICO, Voltage-input/current-output; WTM, Wavelet transform matrix the starting point of the SOC, η is the Coulombic efficiency and is usually set to be 1, Δt is the time interval, Cn is the actual capacity).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%