Clustering of water molecules during adsorption of water in wood

Clustering of water molecules during adsorption of water in brown rot decayed and undecayed wood blocks of Pinus sylvestris

“…If c 1 G 11 + 1 is greater than one, it implies that there is a clustering of water molecules. From the adsorption isotherm (Rawat et al 1998) and the following equation (Spalt 1957), the volume fraction of water in the swollen wood cell wall is calculated as a function of relative humidity…”

“…1). This observation is in accordance with other works (Rawat and Khali 1998), where it was shown that large clusters were formed starting from the surfaces where water is weakly bonded to wood by hydroxyl groups.…”

“…Recently, comparative studies (Rawat et al 1998) have been made on the moisture adsorption behaviour of undecayed and brown rot decayed wood blocks of Pinus sylvestris. Also clustering behaviour of water molecules during adsorption of water in wood was studied (Rawat and Khali 1998), wherein description of adsorption of water in wood was provided in terms of average cluster size.…”

Cleaner Approach for Atrazine Removal Using Recycling Biowaste/Waste in Permeable Barriers

“…On cork, water is firstly adsorbed on hydrophilic sites constituted by hydroxyl and methoxyl groups and then water adsorption continues by clusters formation around the hydrophilic sites. Water adsorption isotherms in cork present the same profile as atrazine [65,66]. Statistical analysis shows no significant differences between biowaste/waste performance.…”

Sorption isotherms of thermally modified wood

“…Hartley et al (1991) as well as Hartley and Avramidis (1993) suggested that sorption processes may be accompanied by structural organization of sorbed water molecules, which is called clustering. Rawat and Khali (1998) proposed that the formation of water clusters in wood is a process resulting from interactions between water molecules as well as between water molecules and sorption sites. Hill (2006) stated that during TM, at least a part of paracristalline cellulose with accessible OH groups is converted to crystalline forms with blocked OH groups.…”