Clustering of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-1 (IDH) in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Silva, José Lucas Sena da; Primo, Janeusa; Oliveira, Maria de Fátima Santos Paim de; Batista, Everton da Silva; Moreno-Carvalho, Otávio A.; Farré, Lourdes; Bittencourt, Achiléa Lisboa

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2013.07.012

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The route of HTLV-1 transmission was also put forward as a factor that could influence the outcome of infection, through the infective dose (provirus load in breastmilk) or the timing of HTLV-1 infection (during childhood vs. during adulthood; Ichimaru et al, 1986; Mori et al, 1988; Matsuo et al, 1989; Salazar-Grueso et al, 1990; Wilks et al, 1993; da Silva et al, 2013). None of the included studies explored this further.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, there is evidence that HTLV-1 can influence the outcome and severity of other infections such as tuberculosis (Verdonck et al, 2007a), HIV (Brites et al, 2001; Silva et al, 2009), and hepatitis C (Castro and Roger, 2016). Although none of the records suggested the role of co-infections in explaining family aggregation, they did report families in which co-infections (i.e., strongyloidiasis and infective dermatitis) were present (Blank et al, 1993; Wilks et al, 1993; LaGrenade et al, 1996; Gonçalves et al, 1999; Araújo et al, 2002; Mahé et al, 2004; Primo et al, 2005; Nobre et al, 2006; Suite et al, 2009; Alvarez et al, 2011; da Silva et al, 2013). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Family Aggregation of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1-Associated Diseases: A Systematic Review

Álvarez¹,

Gotuzzo

Vandamme

et al. 2016

Front. Microbiol.

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Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that produces a persistent infection. Two transmission routes (from mother to child and via sexual intercourse) favor familial clustering of HTLV-1. It is yet unknown why most HTLV-1 carriers remain asymptomatic while about 10% of them develop complications. HTLV-1 associated diseases were originally described as sporadic entities, but familial presentations have been reported. To explore what is known about family aggregation of HTLV-1-associated diseases we undertook a systematic review. We aimed at answering whether, when, and where family aggregation of HTLV-1-associated diseases was reported, which relatives were affected and which hypotheses were proposed to explain aggregation. We searched MEDLINE, abstract books of HTLV conferences and reference lists of selected papers. Search terms used referred to HTLV-1 infection, and HTLV-1-associated diseases, and family studies. HTLV-1-associated diseases considered are adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), HTLV-1-associated uveitis, and infective dermatitis. Seventy-four records reported HTLV-1-associated diseases in more than one member of the same family and were included. Most reports came from HTLV-1-endemic countries, mainly Japan (n = 30) and Brazil (n = 10). These reports described a total of 270 families in which more than one relative had HTLV-1-associated diseases. In most families, different family members suffered from the same disease (n = 223). The diseases most frequently reported were ATLL (115 families) and HAM/TSP (102 families). Most families (n = 144) included two to four affected individuals. The proportion of ATLL patients with family history of ATLL ranged from 2 to 26%. The proportion of HAM/TSP patients with family history of HAM/TSP ranged from 1 to 48%. The predominant cluster types for ATLL were clusters of siblings and parent-child pairs and for HAM/TSP, an affected parent with one or more affected children. The evidence in the literature, although weak, does suggest that HTLV-1-associated diseases sometimes cluster in families. Whether familial transmission of HTLV-1 is the only determining factor, or whether other factors are also involved, needs further research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Aggregation of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1-Associated Diseases: A Systematic Review

Álvarez¹,

Gotuzzo

Vandamme

et al. 2016

Front. Microbiol.

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“…HAID may also progress to ATLL or HAM/TSP. Fifteen families with clustering of infective dermatitis associated with HAID and/or HAM/TSP were observed among 28 families of HAID cases . With the exception of two mothers of children with HAID, all the mothers with HAM/TSP had at least one child with HAM/TSP.…”

Section: Other Skin Manifestations Of Atll: Secondary and Infective Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin manifestations of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma: Clinical, cytological and immunological features

Tokura

Sawada

Shimauchi

2014

The Journal of Dermatology

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Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a malignancy of mature T cells caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type I. The endemic areas include Japan, especially in Kyushu, the Caribbean, Papua New Guinea, South America and Africa. Approximately 50% of ATLL patients exhibit skin manifestations. Cytologically, ATLL tumor cells are characterized by CD4 + CD25+ regulatory T-cell phenotype, high expressions of CCR4, and programmed cell death (PD)-1 and PD-ligand 1. The skin eruptions are categorized into six types: patch, plaque, multipapular, nodulotumoral, erythrodermic and purpuric. The overall survival of the eruption-bearing patients was poorer than that of the non-eruption-bearing patients in acute, chronic and smoldering types, but the survival levels of both groups were comparable in lymphoma type. The prognosis was poor in the order of: erythrodermic, nodulotumoral, multipapular/purpuric, plaque, then patch. Multivariate analysis revealed that the eruption type is an independent prognostic factor for ATLL. Patients may have other skin manifestations, secondary and infective lesions.

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“…Cutaneous manifestations of HTLV‐associated diseases remain unelucidated . One of the enigmatic diseases is HTLV‐1‐associated infective dermatitis, which is prevalent in children of the Caribbean region and South America . It is characterized by a chronic exudative eczematous eruption and persistent infection with Staphylococcus aureus and β‐haemolytic streptococci.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is characterized by a chronic exudative eczematous eruption and persistent infection with Staphylococcus aureus and β‐haemolytic streptococci. Although prevalence is highest in the Caribbean and Brazil, cases have been reported in other HTLV‐1 endemic regions . Approximately 20 million people worldwide are infected with HTLV‐1 and only 5–10% suffer from disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human T‐lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV‐1)‐associated lichenoid dermatitis induced by CD8⁺ T cells in HTLV‐1 carrier, HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma

Tokura

Ito

Kawakami

et al. 2015

The Journal of Dermatology

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Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) induces adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and carrier. ATLL is a mature CD4 + CD25 + CCR4 + T-cell neoplasm, and approximately half of patients have direct skin involvement manifesting patch, plaque, tumor, multiple papules, erythroderma and purpura. However, there exist secondary eruptions without tumor cell infiltration in patients with ATLL or HAM/TSP and carriers of HTLV-1. To clarify the presence of reactive skin eruptions in HTLV-1-infected individuals, we reviewed our patients with HTLV-1-associated diseases. In 2002-2012, we saw 50 ATLL or HAM/TSP patients and HTLV-1 carriers presenting with skin lesions. We retrospectively selected cases that histologically showed lichenoid tissue reactions with predominant infiltration of CD8 + T cells, but not CD4 + tumor cells. The cases included erythroderma (HTLV-1 carrier), lichen planus (HTLV-1 carrier), alopecia areata (HAM/TSP), chronic actinic dermatitis (HTLV-1 carrier to acute ATLL conversion) and discoid lupus erythematosus (smoldering ATLL). They were graft-versus-host disease-like, major secondary lesions and seen in HTLV-1 carriers and patients with HAM/TSP and smoldering ATLL. We coin the term HTLV-1-associated lichenoid dermatitis (HALD) to encompass the conditions. HALD may occur in association with the elevated immunity toward HTLV-1-infected CD4 + T cells, thus sharing the pathogenetic role of cytotoxic T cells with HAM/TSP.

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Clustering of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-1 (IDH) in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Family Aggregation of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1-Associated Diseases: A Systematic Review

Family Aggregation of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1-Associated Diseases: A Systematic Review

Skin manifestations of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma: Clinical, cytological and immunological features

Human T‐lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV‐1)‐associated lichenoid dermatitis induced by CD8⁺ T cells in HTLV‐1 carrier, HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma

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Clustering of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-1 (IDH) in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Family Aggregation of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1-Associated Diseases: A Systematic Review

Family Aggregation of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1-Associated Diseases: A Systematic Review

Skin manifestations of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma: Clinical, cytological and immunological features

Human T‐lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV‐1)‐associated lichenoid dermatitis induced by CD8+ T cells in HTLV‐1 carrier, HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma

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Human T‐lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV‐1)‐associated lichenoid dermatitis induced by CD8⁺ T cells in HTLV‐1 carrier, HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma