Closure to “Discussion of ‘Ionic Conductivity of Some Lithium Silicates and Aluminosilicates’ [I. D. Raistrick, C. Ho, and R. A. Huggins (pp. 1469–1476, Vol. 123, No. 10)]”

Raistrick, I. D.; Ho, Chu Po; Huggins, R. A.

doi:10.1149/1.2133442

Cited by 65 publications

(85 citation statements)

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“…8,9 Pt loadings in fuel cell electrodes have subsequently been reduced from 4 mg cm À2 to <0.4 mg cm À2 . Further improvements were realized by incorporating PFSA directly into the catalyst ink, which extends the 3-D reaction zone in the electrode and increased catalyst utilization.…”

Section: Catalyst Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbon proton conducting polymers for fuel cell catalyst layers

Péron

Shi

Holdcroft

2011

Energy Environ. Sci.

100

115

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) employing proton conducting membranes are promising power sources for automotive applications. Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer represents the state-of-the-art polymer used in both the membrane and catalyst layer to facilitate the transport of protons. However, PFSA ionomer is recognized as having significant drawbacks for largescale commercialization, which include the high cost of synthesis and use of fluorine-based chemistry. According to published research much effort has been directed to the synthesis and study of non-PFSA electrolyte membranes, commonly referred to as hydrocarbon membranes, which has led to optimism that the less expensive proton conducting membranes will be available in the not-so-distant future. Equally important, however, is the replacement of PFSA ionomer in the catalyst layer, but in contrast to membranes, studies of catalyst layers that incorporate a hydrocarbon polyelectrolyte are relatively sparse and have not been reviewed in the open literature; despite the knowledge that hydrocarbon polyelectrolytes in the catalyst layer generally lead to a decrease in electrochemical fuel cell kinetics and mass transport. This review highlights the role of the solid polymer electrolyte in catalyst layers on pertinent parameters associated with fuel cell performance, and focuses on the effect of replacing perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer with hydrocarbon polyelectrolytes. Collectively, this review aims to provide a better understanding of factors that have hindered the transition from PFSA to non-PFSA based catalyst layers.

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Section: Catalyst Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbon proton conducting polymers for fuel cell catalyst layers

Péron

Shi

Holdcroft

2011

Energy Environ. Sci.

100

115

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“…Judging from the results in these experiments, the humidity resistance of Li 2 Si 2 O 5 is superior to that of the other lithium silicates. Li 2 Si 2 O 5 has the shortest LiO bond length suggesting the strongest bond 7) among the lithium silicates. It can be assumed that the strong bond enhances the humidity resistance of the Li 2 Si 2 O 5 sensor.…”

Section: Humidity Resistance Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensor with Li2TiSiO5 Solid Electrolyte and NiO-Li2CO3 as Sensing Electrode

Matsui

2003

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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“…The spectra fitted with Gaussians reveal broader bands, which would generally comprise the combinations of Q 3 with Q 4 (3Al) and Q 4 (2Al) with the possibility of very weak contribution of Q 2 species. The third Gaussian was needed for fitting the broad additional peak at B1180 cm À1 in DG2 spectra, which might correspond to the combination of Q 4 and Q 4 (1Al). Fig.…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are indications that Al plays an important role in Li-dynamics in lithium aluminosilicate glasses and that the mechanisms of lithium transport are different from those of aluminium-free lithium silicate glasses. 3,4 The exact nature of the interaction of [AlO 4 ] À tetrahedra with the mobile Li-cations in comparison to non-bridging oxygen (NBO) atoms in the aluminosilicate matrix is yet to be determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium conductivity in glasses of the Li₂O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂system

Ross

Welsch

Behrens

2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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To improve the understanding of Li-dynamics in oxide glasses, i.e. the effect of [AlO 4 ] À tetrahedra and non-bridging oxygens on the potential landscape, electrical conductivity of seven fully polymerized and partly depolymerized lithium aluminosilicate glasses was investigated using impedance spectroscopy (IS).Lithium is the only mobile particle in these materials. Data derived from IS, i.e. activation energies, preexponential factors and diffusivities for lithium, are interpreted in light of Raman spectroscopic analyses of local structures in order to identify building units, which are crucial for lithium dynamics and migration. In polymerized glasses (compositional join LiAlSiO 4 -LiAlSi 4 O 10 ) the direct current (DC) electrical conductivity continuously increases with increasing lithium content while lithium diffusivity is not affected by the Al/Si ratio in the glasses. Hence, the increase in electrical conductivity can be solely assigned to lithium concentration in the glasses. An excess of Li with respect to Al, i.e. the introduction of non-bridging oxygen into the network, causes a decrease in lithium mobility in the glasses. Activation energies in polymerized glasses (66 to 70 kJ mol À1 ) are significantly lower than those in depolymerized networks (76 to 78 kJ mol À1 ) while pre-exponential factors are nearly constant across all compositions. Comparison of the data with results for lithium silicates from the literature indicates a minimum in lithium diffusivity for glasses containing both aluminium tetrahedra and non-bridging oxygens. The findings allow a prediction of DC conductivity for a large variety of lithium aluminosilicate glass compositions.

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Closure to “Discussion of ‘Ionic Conductivity of Some Lithium Silicates and Aluminosilicates’ [I. D. Raistrick, C. Ho, and R. A. Huggins (pp. 1469–1476, Vol. 123, No. 10)]”

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

Hydrocarbon proton conducting polymers for fuel cell catalyst layers

Hydrocarbon proton conducting polymers for fuel cell catalyst layers

Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensor with Li2TiSiO5 Solid Electrolyte and NiO-Li2CO3 as Sensing Electrode

Lithium conductivity in glasses of the Li₂O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂system

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Closure to “Discussion of ‘Ionic Conductivity of Some Lithium Silicates and Aluminosilicates’ [I. D. Raistrick, C. Ho, and R. A. Huggins (pp. 1469–1476, Vol. 123, No. 10)]”

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

Hydrocarbon proton conducting polymers for fuel cell catalyst layers

Hydrocarbon proton conducting polymers for fuel cell catalyst layers

Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensor with Li2TiSiO5 Solid Electrolyte and NiO-Li2CO3 as Sensing Electrode

Lithium conductivity in glasses of the Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2system

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Lithium conductivity in glasses of the Li₂O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂system