Clostridium difficile in piglets in the Czech Republic

Goldová, Jana; Malinová, Anna; Indra, Alexander; Vı́tek, Libor; Branný, Pavel; Jirásková, Alena

doi:10.1007/s12223-012-0102-0

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…According to previous studies, our results corroborate the finding that PCR ribotype variability within farms is often low (7,9,21,25,37). Avbersek et al (7) found strains of PCR ribotype 066 in three connected farms in Slovenia which differed in pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) subtyping.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Clostridium difficile Genotypes in Piglet Populations in Germany

et al. 2013

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dClostridium difficile was isolated from 147 of 201 (73%) rectal swabs of piglets from 15 farms of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia. In 14 farms, 14 to 100% (mean, 78%) of the animals tested were culture positive. The rate of isolation was 68% postpartum, increased to 94% in animals 2 to 14 days of age, and declined to 0% for animals 49 days of age and older. There was no link between isolation and antibiotic treatment or diarrhea of piglets. Strains were assigned to 10 PCR ribotypes, and up to 4 PCR ribotypes were found to be present at the same time on a farm. The closely related PCR ribotypes 078 (55%) and 126 (20%) were most frequently recovered and were present in 13 of the 14 positive farms. The comparison of multilocus VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) analysis (MLVA) data from this study and previously published data on human, porcine, and bovine PCR ribotype 078 isolates from 5 European countries revealed genetic differences between strains of different geographic origin and confirmed the relatedness of human and porcine C. difficile isolates. This study demonstrated that the human-pathogenic PCR ribotypes 078 and 126 are predominant in piglets in Germany. The results suggest that presence of C. difficile is correlated with animal age but not with antibiotic treatment or clinical disease. MLVA indicated that strains of the same geographical origin are often genetically related and corroborated the hypothesis of a close epidemiological connection between human and porcine C. difficile isolates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Clostridium difficile Genotypes in Piglet Populations in Germany

et al. 2013

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“…C. difficile prevalence in piglets aged less than 7 days was 67.2%. This is higher than reported in the United States (29.6%) (6), Slovenia (50.9%) (7), and the Czech Republic (56.7%) (8) and similar to recent reports from Sweden (67.2%) (11) and Germany (73%) (24). Recovery of C. difficile by enrichment culture was significantly better than direct culture on ChromID (52.4% versus 67.2%; P ϭ 0.001), in accordance with studies of human CDI (25).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…Severe weight loss or anorexia is common, and there can be significant mortality (up to 16%) (4). Studies performed in North America and Europe have reported the prevalence of C. difficile in neonatal piglets in the range of 29 to 73%, with a single PCR ribotype (RT), RT078, predominating in the majority of cases (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12).…”

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confidence: 99%

Nationwide Surveillance Study of Clostridium difficile in Australian Neonatal Pigs Shows High Prevalence and Heterogeneity of PCR Ribotypes

Knight

Squire

Riley

2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Clostridium difficile is an important enteric pathogen of humans and the cause of diarrhea and enteritis in neonatal pigs. Outside Australia, prevalence in piglets can be up to 73%, with a single PCR ribotype (RT), 078, predominating. We investigated the prevalence and genotype of C. difficile in Australian pig herds. Rectal swabs (n ‫؍‬ 229) were collected from piglets aged <7 days from 21 farms across Australia. Selective culture for C. difficile was performed and isolates characterized by PCR for toxin genes and PCR ribotyping. C. difficile was isolated from 52% of samples by direct culture on chromogenic agar and 67% by enrichment culture (P ‫؍‬ 0.001). No association between C. difficile recovery or genotype and diarrheic status of either farm or piglets was found. The majority (87%; 130/154) of isolates were toxigenic. Typing revealed 23 different RTs, several of which are known to cause disease in humans, including RT014, which was isolated most commonly (23%; 36/154). RT078 was not detected. This study shows that colonization of Australian neonatal piglets with C. difficile is widespread in the herds sampled.

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“…The recovery by EC is similar to that in reports from the United States (34.3%) (32), from the Netherlands (42 to 48%) (14), and from lesser pork-producing countries like Slovenia (50.9%) (33) and the Czech Republic (56.7%) (34). Our laboratory has previously found by EC that C. difficile infection in Australian neonatal pigs is widespread with a national prevalence of 67% (Knight et al, submitted).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Laboratory Detection of Clostridium difficile in Piglets in Australia

2014

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bClostridium difficile is a well-known enteric pathogen of humans and the causative agent of high-morbidity enteritis in piglets aged 1 to 7 days. C. difficile prevalence in Australian piglets is as high as 70%. The current diagnostic assays have been validated only for human infections, and there are no published studies assessing their performance in Australian piglets. We evaluated the suitability of five assays for detecting C. difficile in 157 specimens of piglet feces. The assays included a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LMIA)-PCR for tcdA (illumigene C. difficile; Meridian), a real-time PCR for tcdB (GeneOhm Cdiff; Becton Dickinson), two-component enzyme immunoassays (EIA) for C. difficile glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) (EIA-GDH) and TcdA/TcdB (EIA-TcdA/TcdB) (C. diff Quik Chek; Alere), and direct culture (DC) (C. difficile chromID agar; bioMérieux). The assays for detection of the organism were compared against enrichment culture (EC), and assays for detection of toxins/toxin genes were compared against EC followed by PCR for toxin genes (toxigenic EC [

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Clostridium difficile in piglets in the Czech Republic

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Clostridium difficile Genotypes in Piglet Populations in Germany

Clostridium difficile Genotypes in Piglet Populations in Germany

Nationwide Surveillance Study of Clostridium difficile in Australian Neonatal Pigs Shows High Prevalence and Heterogeneity of PCR Ribotypes

Laboratory Detection of Clostridium difficile in Piglets in Australia

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