Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens from wild carnivore species in Brazil

Silva, Rodrigo; D'Elia, Mirella Lauria; Teixeira, Érika Procópio Tostes; Pereira, Pedro Henrique R.; Soares, Danielle Ferreira de Magalhães; Cavalcanti, Álvaro Roberto; Kocuvan, Aleksander; Rupnik, Maja; Santos, André Luíz Quagliatto; Oliveira, Carlos Augusto; Lobato, Francisco Carlos Faria

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.06.012

Cited by 33 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The isolation of C. perfringens type A and the absence of other genotypes corroborate previous studies with some Canidae species (Silva et al, 2014a). It is also interesting to note that only one sample, obtained from Pernambuco state, was positive for beta-2 enconding gene (cpb2), while Silva et al (2014a) reported 34.6% rate in a study with several carnivore species including C. thous, Puma concolor (cougar), Leopardus tigrinus (oncilla), Leopardus pardalis (ocelot), Chrysocyon brachyurus (maned wolf) and others. Other additional toxin genes, including enterotoxin (cpe), NetB (netB) and the recently described NetF (netF) were not detected in the present study.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Isolation of Clostridium perfringens and C. difficile in crab-eating fox ( Cerdocyon thous - Linnaeus 1776) from Northeastern Brazil

Almeida

Silva

Lobato

et al. 2018

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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The aim of the present study was to isolate Clostridium perfringens and C. difficile in crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) from Northeastern Brazil. Stool samples of 18 captive crab-eating foxes from four states of Northeastern Brazil (Alagoas, Bahia, Paraíba e Pernambuco) were collected and subjected to C. perfringens and C. difficile isolation. Suggestive colonies of C. perfringens were then analyzed for genes encoding the major C. perfringens toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon and iota), beta-2 toxin (cpb2), enterotoxin (cpe), and NetB- (netB) and NetF- (netF) encoding genes. C. difficile strains were analyzed by multiplex-PCR for a housekeeping gene (tpi), toxins A (tcdA) and B (tcdB) and a binary toxin gene (cdtB). Unthawed aliquots of stool samples positive for toxigenic C. difficile were subjected to a commercial ELISA to evaluate the presence of A/B toxins. Clostridium perfringens (type A) was isolated from five (27%) samples, and only one sample was positive for beta-2 enconding gene (cpb2). Two (11%) stool samples were positive for C. difficile, but negative for A/B toxins. These two wild canids were also positive for C. perfringens type A. This is the first report of C. difficile in crab-eating fox.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Isolation of Clostridium perfringens and C. difficile in crab-eating fox ( Cerdocyon thous - Linnaeus 1776) from Northeastern Brazil

Almeida

Silva

Lobato

et al. 2018

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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“…(ROLLAND et al, 1997). C. difficile has been reported in few other wild species, and it seems to be more common in synanthropic rodents and in captive animals under antibiotic therapy (SILVA et al, 2013;JARDINE et al, 2013;RODRIGUEZ-PALACIOS et al, 2013;HIMSWORTH et al, 2014;SILVA et al, 2014a;SILVA et al, 2014b). As this was not the case in the present study, the absence of C. difficile in the sampled animals was not a surprise.…”

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confidence: 40%

Isolation and genotyping of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile in Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus spp.)

et al. 2017

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The importance of Clostridium perfringens and C. difficile for most wild animal species remains unclear. This study aimed to isolate and genotype C. perfringens and C. difficile in stool samples from free-living and captive capuchin monkeys (Sapajus flavius and Sapajus libidinosus) in Brazil. Ten free-living S. flavius and 14 captive S. libidinosus were sampled for this study. To isolate C. difficile, stool samples were inoculated on plates containing cycloserine-cefoxitin fructose agar supplemented with horse blood and sodium taurocholate. Two different protocols for C. perfringens isolation were tested: direct plating onto selective agar and enrichment in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth followed by plating onto selective agar. C. difficile was not detected in the present study. The results were identical for both protocols tested for isolation of C. perfringens. Four samples (16.7%) were positive for C. perfringens type A, including one sample from a free-living animal (4.2%) and three from captive animals (12.5%), meaning there was no significant difference between these two groups. C. perfringens isolates were negative for all additional virulence factors evaluated, including enterotoxin encoding-gene (cpe) and beta-2 encoding-gene (cpb2). These results suggested that C. perfringens type A is found in the microbiota of capuchin monkeys, although it is less frequent than previously reported in domestic animals.

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“…Although the ribotype 053 of C. difficile is not commonly described in the literature, two recent studies performed in Brazil isolated the NTCD strains ribotype 053 in coatis (Nasua nasua) and wild carnivores, confirming the presence of this ribotype in different species in the country (SILVA et al, 2014b;SILVA et al, 2014c). The NTCD strains of ribotype 009 have been isolated in studies with humans and healthy animals in different geographic regions (KEEL et al, 2007;KOENE et al, 2011;JANEZIC et al, 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Prevention of Clostridium difficile infection in hamsters using a non-toxigenic strain

et al. 2016

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Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens from wild carnivore species in Brazil

Cited by 33 publications

References 48 publications

Isolation of Clostridium perfringens and C. difficile in crab-eating fox ( Cerdocyon thous - Linnaeus 1776) from Northeastern Brazil

Isolation of Clostridium perfringens and C. difficile in crab-eating fox ( Cerdocyon thous - Linnaeus 1776) from Northeastern Brazil

Isolation and genotyping of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile in Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus spp.)

Prevention of Clostridium difficile infection in hamsters using a non-toxigenic strain

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