Closed-Form Expressions for the Estimation of the Minimum Backflashover Current of Overhead Transmission Lines

Datsios, Zacharias G.; Mikropoulos, Pantelis N.; Tsovilis, Thomas E.

doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2020.2984423

Cited by 38 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The surge responses of a vertically suspended 500 kV quadruple-circuit line are concerned in this study, which To reduce the calculation space and thus the calculation time, only two spans on both sides of the tower are considered and are set at 360 m. However, the actual line length is much longer than this, and to simulate the actual situation, all the ground lines and power lines are extended to the absorbing boundary. The grounding system of the towers plays an important role in the surge response simulation [23], [24]. In our model, the actual grounding system is not considered, but is reduced to four conductors of 2-m length located at each tower foot.…”

Section: Actual Scale Transmission Line Analysis a Analysis Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our simulations, the overvoltage was calculated without considering the effect of the AC voltage. Note that the AC voltage cannot be ignored when analyzing the lightning performance of transmission lines as it affects crucially the phase insulators that will flashover [24], [28], especially for lines of high AC voltage as the investigated one.…”

Section: Actual Scale Transmission Line Analysis a Analysis Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and Analytical Studies on Lightning Surge Response of the Quadruple-Circuit Transmission Line

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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The compact design of a 500 kV quadruple-circuit transmission line can effectively reduce the line corridor area, but the height of the tower also increases, increasing the probability of suffering a lightning strike. The 500 kV quadruple-circuit transmission lines carry more energy, and because of this, lightning strikes that cause power line trips are more likely to result in large-scale power outages. Therefore, it is necessary to make an accurate assessment of the lightning performance of 500 kV quadruple-circuit transmission lines. First, simulated lightning-striking experiments were carried out on a scaled 500 kV quadruple-circuit transmission line in the laboratory, where transient voltages and currents were measured. Second, a numerical model was established with the Finite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method, which was then verified with the experimental results. Third, lightning surge responses of a 500 kV quadruplecircuit transmission line under near-real facility conditions are estimated with the verified FDTD model. In the simulations, influencing factors, such as the rise time of injecting current, the velocity of return-stroke current and the terrains, were taken into consideration, but not in previous lightning surge analysis with the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP). Results show that insulator voltages on the same tower crossarm are nearly identical, although the length of the cross-arm is large enough. Furthermore, it is found that the rise time and the lightning current velocity have great effects on the lightning surge response, and the terrains are less impactful but not negligible. Therefore, these factors should be considered carefully where higher accuracy lightning protection design is necessary.INDEX TERMS FDTD, lightning protection, lightning surge response, quadruple-circuit tower, reducedscale experiment.

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Section: Actual Scale Transmission Line Analysis a Analysis Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Actual Scale Transmission Line Analysis a Analysis Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Analytical Studies on Lightning Surge Response of the Quadruple-Circuit Transmission Line

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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“…Multistorey tower models in [14]- [16] have been shown to yield inadequate results when used to model shorter low voltage towers [30]. Owing to the relatively small height of HVDC tower, it is represented by a single conductor frequency independent distributed parameter line with the same surge impedance for upper and lower sections [31], [32]. The wave propagation on the tower is retarded by cross arms and braces.…”

Section: A Tower Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Transient Behavior of Mixed High Voltage DC Transmission Line Under Lightning Strikes

et al. 2019

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Growing urbanization coupled with increased power demands have led to increasing use of mixed power transmission lines with sections of overhead lines (OHL) and underground cables. Due to differences in surge impedance of cables and OHL, voltage surges experience reflections and refractions at their boundaries which make the transient behavior of mixed high voltage direct current (HVDC) line quite peculiar. Lightning strikes on overhead sections of lines induce voltage surges that travel along OHL and enter the cable section. Lightning overvoltage can cause OHL insulators to flashover and stress cable insulation or cause its permanent breakdown. In this paper, we simulated a fast front model of a mixed HVDC transmission line using an electromagnetic transient simulation program (PSCAD) to analyze its transient behavior under a lightning strike. The leader progression model has been used to predict the dielectric performance of OHL insulators. It has been shown that transition towers adjacent to the cable section are much less vulnerable to flashover than subsequent towers. The length of a riser section (connecting OHL and cable) and tower footing impedance have shown to significantly influence the flashover performance of OHL insulators. In addition, the length of cable segments and sheath grounding impedance has been found to influence cable overvoltage. This paper can be used to evaluate the insulation coordination and overvoltage protection requirements for a mixed HVDC transmission line.

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“…A large number of models has been developed to analyze the transient behavior of towers subjected to steep-fronted waves due to lightning strikes [24,25]. These models are widely used to assess the basic lightning impulse insulation levels (BIL), relevant to the design of power equipment [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tower Models for Power Systems Transients: A Review

et al. 2022

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Fast-front transients play an important role in the insulation design of any power system. When a stroke hits the shield wire or the tower of high-voltage overhead power lines, flashover may occur either along the span or across tower insulators, depending on the relevant voltages and insulation strength. As a result, backflashover may take place from the tower structure to the phase conductor whenever a huge impulse current flows along the tower towards considerably high footing impedances. For these reasons, tower modeling for transients studies is an important step in the insulation design, and also for lower voltage applications, where indirect lightning effects may play a predominant role. However, after decades of research on tower modeling, starting from the 1930s with the first model proposed by Jordan, no consensus has been reached neither on a widely accepted tower model nor on the quantitative effect of the tower models on insulation design. Moreover, the fundamental mechanisms at the base of the transient response of towers and the definition of some fundamental parameters have not been totally clarified yet. The aim of this review is to present the available tower models developed through the years in the power community, focussing mainly on lumped/distributed circuit models, and to help the reader to obtain a deeper understanding of them.

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Closed-Form Expressions for the Estimation of the Minimum Backflashover Current of Overhead Transmission Lines

Cited by 38 publications

References 45 publications

Experimental and Analytical Studies on Lightning Surge Response of the Quadruple-Circuit Transmission Line

Experimental and Analytical Studies on Lightning Surge Response of the Quadruple-Circuit Transmission Line

Analysis of Transient Behavior of Mixed High Voltage DC Transmission Line Under Lightning Strikes

Tower Models for Power Systems Transients: A Review

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