Closed cycle production of concentrated and dry redispersible colloidal lignin particles with a three solvent polarity exchange method

Abstract

An energy efficient closed cycle process converts lignin from pulping side stream into water-dispersible colloidal spheres and microclusters.

Lignin for Nano‐ and Microscaled Carrier Systems: Applications, Trends, and Challenges

“…The resulting spherical and spheroidal particles exhibit surface charges comparable to those formed using the regular solvent‐exchange method. Stable CLP dispersions have been reported at concentrations up to 3 % ( w / w ) using ethanol as co‐solvent with THF . CLPs exhibit lignin‐typical antioxidant and UV‐protective properties that are useful for instance in sunscreens .…”

Spherical lignin particles: a review on their sustainability and applications

“…Briefly, such methods involve the controlled evaporation of atomized droplets of lignin solution, 36,38 or the post-drying of dispersed particles formed by emulsion or solvent exchange techniques. 37,39 The latter are described in more detail in the next section related to wet particles. Ago et al 38 introduced the use of an aerosol flow reactor for the production of dried lignin particles, in a wide range of size fractions and from different sources.…”

“…Dried particles can also be obtained by freeze-drying 39 or spray-drying 37 lignin particle dispersions previously prepared by either emulsion templating or solvent exchange. Sameni et al 39 prepared non-aggregated dried lignin microspheres after freeze-drying a diluted suspension, at 0.2 mg mL −1 .…”

“…On the other hand, Lintinen et al 37 demonstrated an efficient and scalable method to obtain dried particles from colloidal lignin suspensions. After the formation of the lignin particles by solvent exchange, a regular spray-drier can be used to process the concentrated aqueous LNP dispersion.…”

Lignin nanoparticles modified with tall oil fatty acid for cellulose functionalization

“…One popular method is based on dissolving lignin in an organic solvent or mixture of solvents and the subsequent spontaneous formation of spherical particles in the range 100-300 nm upon precipitation in excess of water acting as an antisolvent (Lievonen et al 2016). This approach has recently been shown to be scalable (Lintinen et al 2018;Ashok et al 2018).…”