Close relatives of MERS-CoV in bats use ACE2 as their functional receptors

Yan, Huan; Wang, Xiangxi; Xiong, Qing; Cao, Lei; Ma, Chengbao; Liu, Chen; Si, Junyu; Liu, Peng; Gu, Mengxue; Wang, Chunli; Shi, Lei; Tong, Fei; Huang, Meiling; Zhao, Chufeng; Li, Jing; Shen, Chao; Zhao, Huabin; Lan, Ke

doi:10.1101/2022.01.24.477490

Cited by 16 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…However, the receptor for NeoCoV, the closest MERS-CoV relative yet discovered in bats, remains enigmatic [ 6 ]. One recent study, which is yet-to-be peer-reviewed, published in a preprint on the bioRxiv website [ 7 ] has reported that the NeoCoV and its close relative, PDF-2180-CoV, can use some types of bat angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and human ACE2 for its entry. According to the study, the NeoCoV virus uses its spikes’ S1 subunit carboxyl-terminal domains (S1-CTD) for high-affinity and species-specific ACE2 binding.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…According to the study, the NeoCoV virus uses its spikes’ S1 subunit carboxyl-terminal domains (S1-CTD) for high-affinity and species-specific ACE2 binding. The researchers have discovered a molecular determinant near the viral binding interface that prevents the human ACE2 from promoting NeoCoV infection, particularly around the Asp338 residue [ 7 ]. NeoCoV, on the other hand, infects the human ACE2 expressing cells effectively following a T510F mutation in the receptor-binding motif (RBM) [ 7 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The researchers have discovered a molecular determinant near the viral binding interface that prevents the human ACE2 from promoting NeoCoV infection, particularly around the Asp338 residue [ 7 ]. NeoCoV, on the other hand, infects the human ACE2 expressing cells effectively following a T510F mutation in the receptor-binding motif (RBM) [ 7 ]. It has been postulated that the antibodies directed against the SARS-CoV-2 or MERS-CoV by natural infection or through vaccination will not be able to neutralize the infection caused by NeoCoV.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It has been postulated that the antibodies directed against the SARS-CoV-2 or MERS-CoV by natural infection or through vaccination will not be able to neutralize the infection caused by NeoCoV. In addition, it has been reported for the first time about the use of ACE2 by MERS-related viruses, highlighting a possible bio-safety risk posed by the human emergence of an ACE2-using "MERS-CoV-2" with a high death and transmission rate [ 7 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

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NeoCoV: A foresight of the next possible pandemic

Dhawan

Thakur

Choudhary

et al. 2022

International Journal of Surgery

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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NeoCoV: A foresight of the next possible pandemic

Dhawan

Thakur

Choudhary

et al. 2022

International Journal of Surgery

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“…The advantageous effects on LeCR, LCR, and NCR ( 41 , 42 ) present an opportunity to use this glucan as a biomarker in assessing the immune parameters of other β-glucans and immune-enhancing and/or immune-modulating food supplements ( 52 , 53 ). In addition, a rapidly responding immune-modulating capability during COVID-19 infection against a rapid cytokine storm ( 41 , 42 ) simultaneously enhances immune defense and resolves dysfunctions in coagulability ( 67 ) with the combination of two variants.…”

Section: Use Of a Pullulans -Derived β-Glucans As ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Immune Regulation by Biological Response Modifier Glucans in COVID-19 and Their Envisaged Potentials in the Management of Sepsis

Preethy

Raghavan²,

Dedeepiya³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by an abnormal immune response induced by infection with no approved or specific therapeutic options. We present our perspectives for the therapeutic management of sepsis through a four-way approach: (1) infection control through immune enhancement; (2) immune suppression during the initial hyper-inflammatory phase; (3) balanced immune-modulation to counter the later immune-paralysis phase; and (4) advantageous effects on metabolic and coagulation parameters throughout. COVID-19 is a virus-triggered, accelerated sepsis-like reaction that is associated with the rapid progress of an inflammatory cascade involving a cytokine storm and multiorgan failure. Here, we discuss the potential of the biological response modifiers, β-glucans (BRMGs), in the management of sepsis based on their beneficial effects on inflammatory-immune events in COVID-19 clinical studies. In COVID-19 patients, apart from metabolic regulation, BRMGs, derived from a black yeast, Aureobasidium pullulans strain AFO-202, have been reported to stimulate immune responses. BRMGs, produced by another strain (N-163) of A. pullulans, have been implicated in the beneficial regulation of inflammatory markers and immunity, namely IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-Dimer, ferritin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR), leucocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LeCR), and leukocyte-to-IL-6 ratio (LeIR). Agents such as these β-glucans, which are safe as they have been widely consumed by humans for decades, have potential as adjuncts for the prevention and management of sepsis as they exert their beneficial effects across the spectrum of processes and factors involved in sepsis pathology, including, but not limited to, metabolism, infection, inflammation, immune modulation, immune enhancement, and gut microbiota.

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Molecular aspects of Omicron, vaccine development, and recombinant strain XE: A review

Akash

Sharma

Kumar

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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The global pandemic of COVID-19 began in December 2019 and is still continuing.The past 2 years have seen the emergence of several variants that were more vicious than each other. The emergence of Omicron (B.1.1.529) proved to be a huge epidemiological concern as the rate of infection of this particular strain was enormous. The strain was identified in South Africa on November 24, 2021 and was classified as a "Variant of Concern" on November 26, 2021. The Omicron variant possessed mutations in the key RBD region, the S region, thereby increasing the affinity of ACE2 for better transmission of the virus. Antibody resistance was found in this variant and it was able to reduce vaccine efficiency of vaccines. The need for a booster vaccine was brought forth due to the prevalence of the Omicron variant and, subsequently, this led to targeted research and development of variant-specific vaccines and booster dosage. This review discusses broadly the genomic characters and features of Omicron along with its specific mutations, evolution, antibody resistance, and evasion, utilization of CRISPR-Cas12a assay for Omicron detection, T-cell immunity elicited by vaccines against Omicron, and strategies to decrease Omicron infection along with COVID-19 and it also discusses on XE recombinant variant and on infectivity of BA.2 subvariant of Omicron.

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Close relatives of MERS-CoV in bats use ACE2 as their functional receptors

Cited by 16 publications

References 49 publications

NeoCoV: A foresight of the next possible pandemic

NeoCoV: A foresight of the next possible pandemic

Beneficial Immune Regulation by Biological Response Modifier Glucans in COVID-19 and Their Envisaged Potentials in the Management of Sepsis

Molecular aspects of Omicron, vaccine development, and recombinant strain XE: A review

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