Clonal proteomics: One gene - family of proteins

Abstract

The work presented here attempts to consolidate our knowledge on cellular transcriptome and proteome. It takes into account that a typical activated cell (lymphocyte) contains 40 000 mRNA molecules at any time, and it represents about 5000 different molecular species of transcripts. Such a cell has about 1 000 000 000 protein molecules, some of them being present at 10 000 000 copies while others at a very low copy number (say 1 to 10 copies per cell). By studying cell free expression of individual cDNA clones (or pools of known complexity) we address to those rare molecular components that will remain undetected by the current analytical means. For our analysis we use cell free translation systems (wheat germ or rabbit reticulocyte origin) and we study polypeptide products originating from intact, or restriction endonuclease-treated cDNA clones. We conclude that in most instances expressed genes yield transcript(s) that translate into several, and often very numerous families of polypeptide species. In our ISODALT two-dimensional gel system we characterize the proteomic profile of the clonal polypeptide families in terms of their molecular mass, charge, multiple products, and appearance.

Salt stress-induced protein pattern associated with photosynthetic parameters and andrographolide content in Andrographis paniculata Nees

“…Many proteins undergo post-translational modifications which play an important role in their activity and subcellular localization. 9,10) In this research, we demonstrate the impact of salinity on some photosynthetic parameters, AG content, and protein profiling in A. paniculata. In addition, the present article aims to get insights into the changes in osmotic composition of the plant associated with the salt acclimation.…”

Salt-Stress Induced Protein Pattern Related to Seed Germination Indices in Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.)

“…Therefore, these results are necessary to examine the salt stress at the molecular level and to investigate the relationship between biomarkers (such as protein bands) and germination indices changes. Many proteins undergo post-translational modifications, which play an important role in their activity and subcellular allocation (Graves & Haystead, 2002;Kettman et al, 2002). In this research, we demonstrate the impact of salinity on some germination indices in M. officinalis.…”

The human leucocyte differentiation antigens (HLDA) workshops: the evolving role of antibodies in research, diagnosis and therapy

“…Lefkovitz et al [15] in a similar study arrived at an estimate of 4000 proteins. A subsequent study from the same laboratory [16] identified 5000 RNA transcripts in a lymphocyte activation experiment. Hashimoto et al [17] used SAGE (serial analysis of gene expression) to look at sequences expressed by different leucocytes, and concluded that there were 27,000 tags representing unique genes expressed in leucocytes of different types.…”