Clinicopathological Characteristics of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Abstract

ObjectivesGastorenteropancreatic neuroendocrine (GEP-NET) tumors are the second most common tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. We aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features and factors affecting the prognosis of patients with GEP-NET.MethodsClinicopathological features of 158 patients were evaluated, including tumor location, TNM stage and grade, pathological features, presence of lymph nodes and distant metastases at the time of diagnosis, maximum tumor diameter and treatment details. Also, follow-up information was analyzed to discover possible prognostic factors.ResultsThe most common primary site is pancreas (45.6%, n = 72). Most of the GEP-NETs were nonfunctional (93.6%, n = 148). Of the 158 patients, 94 (59.5%) were grade 1, 46 (29.1%) grade 2, and 18 (11.4%) grade 3. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 82.3% (130/158), 61.4% (70/114), and 47.2% (35/74), respectively. In multivariate analysis, histological grade (P = 0.04) and TNM stage (P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for survival in patients with GEP-NET.ConclusionsThey are increasing in frequency and are the most common tumors in the pancreas. Nonfunctional tumors made up the majority of cases. The main treatment was surgical resection. Histological grade and TNM stage are independent prognostic factors.

Clinicopathological characteristics of gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms: A comprehensive analysis

“…Overall, the TNM stage remains a critical prognostic factor. [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] When investigating the prognostic factors of g-NEC and g-MiNEN, we found that postoperative adjuvant therapy can extend the OS of patients with g-NEC and g-MiNEN, and it emerges as an independent prognostic factor of g-NEC. We classified postoperative adjuvant therapy into categories such as adjuvant chemotherapy, adjuvant radiotherapy, and immunotherapy.…”

“…Other studies have reported diverse prognostic factors. Overall, the TNM stage remains a critical prognostic factor 47–54 …”

Ga-68-Edotreotide Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Somatostatin Receptors Tumor Volume Predicts Outcome in Patients With Primary Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

“…In fact, RTVsstr reflects better than SUVmax the aggregated GEP-NET pathological features such as the degree of cellularity of lesions, the number of neoplastic cells, the degree of SSTR expression and the various histological architecture that may include trabeculae, nests, glandular formation, gyriform, and pseudorosettes. [29][30][31] Indeed, in this set-up the endoscopic ultrasound holds a prognostic value for stratifying NET patients with solid pancreatic lesions, detecting malignancy-related features as well as identifying the tumor grading reliably. 32,33 The abovementioned characteristics of NETs can lead to pitfalls when considering only the SUVmax.…”

Molecular factors, diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal tract neuroendocrine tumors: An update

“…Their increasing incidence exhibits a fivefold increase within 30 years in the United States[ 3 ]; likewise, an increase has been reported in Japan[ 8 ]. The increased incidence may be partially attributed to a better understanding and recognition of the disease and to an improvement in diagnostic modalities[ 8 ].…”

“…Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) are a genetically heterogeneous part of neoplasms originating from neuroendocrine cells distributed along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and exhibit different biological behaviors depending on location[ 1 , 2 ]. They are usually well-differentiated slow-growing lesions and may be functional or nonfunctional without hormone secretion and symptoms[ 3 ]. The vast majority of them are sporadic.…”