Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis for male breast cancer compared to female breast cancer

Yao, Nan; Shi, Wenzai; Liu, Tong; Siyin, Sarah Tan; Wang, Weiqi; Duan, Ning; Xu, Guoshuai; Qu, Jun

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-04342-0

Cited by 26 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…In a comparison between prognostic factors studied in both sexes, Yao [ 98 ] found that as opposed to FBC patients, MBC patients were discovered at more advanced TNM stages, with higher tumor grades, and with a greater proportion of hormone receptor-positive tumors. In addition, the locations of breast tumors differed significantly between males and females, and longer survival rates were found in women.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on the General Features of Breast Cancer in Male Patients—A Literature Review

et al. 2022

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Male breast cancers are uncommon, as men account for less than 1 percent of all breast carcinomas. Among the predisposing risk factors for male breast cancer, the following appear to be significant: (a) breast/chest radiation exposure, (b) estrogen use, diseases associated with hyper-estrogenism, such as cirrhosis or Klinefelter syndrome, and (c) family health history. Furthermore, there are clear familial tendencies, with a higher incidence among men who have a large number of female relatives with breast cancer and (d) major inheritance susceptibility. Moreover, in families with BRCA mutations, there is an increased risk of male breast cancer, although the risk appears to be greater with inherited BRCA2 mutations than with inherited BRCA1 mutations. Due to diagnostic delays, male breast cancer is more likely to present at an advanced stage. A core biopsy or a fine needle aspiration must be performed to confirm suspicious findings. Infiltrating ductal cancer is the most prevalent form of male breast cancer, while invasive lobular carcinoma is extremely uncommon. Male breast cancer is almost always positive for hormone receptors. A worse prognosis is associated with a more advanced stage at diagnosis for men with breast cancer. Randomized controlled trials which recruit both female and male patients should be developed in order to gain more consistent data on the optimal clinical approach.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on the General Features of Breast Cancer in Male Patients—A Literature Review

et al. 2022

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“…As of August 2022, there were only eight actively recruiting trials specifically for male breast cancer in the world, 8 and consequently, findings from female breast cancer trials are used to inform treatment of male breast cancer. This is especially concerning because, given increasing use of targeted therapies and the differences in male and female breast cancer biology 9 , 10 , results from trials comprised of women may not be generalizable to men. Given that men with breast cancer, compared to women, have 19% higher overall mortality 11 , it is clear that clinical trials in this population are sorely needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Exclusion of Prior Cancer in Clinical Trials of Male Breast Cancer

Rathod¹,

Murphy²,

Rahimi³

et al. 2023

J. Cancer

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Background: Eligibility criteria for cancer clinical trials present challenges to enrollment. Many trials exclude patients with a prior cancer. This common practice may be especially detrimental to trials of rare cancers, such as male breast cancer, that struggle to accrue adequate numbers of participants. Objectives: To estimate prevalence of prior cancer among men newly diagnosed with breast cancer and describe characteristics of men with prior cancer compared to those without. Methods: We identified men diagnosed with breast cancer between 2011-2015 using population-based data from National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program of cancer registries. We used sequence number and diagnosis year to identify cancers diagnosed prior to breast cancer (inclusive of prior breast, different, and unknown types of cancer). We compared sociodemographic, tumor, and treatment characteristics of men with and without prior cancer using chi-square tests. Results: Among 2317 men, nearly one quarter (24.3%) had any prior cancer, and the majority (58.7%) of these were of a different cancer type. A higher proportion of men with a prior cancer of a different type were older, had smaller (≤ 2 cm) breast tumors, were diagnosed with stage 0-1 breast cancer, and did not receive surgery compared to men without any prior cancer; there were no statistically significant differences by race and ethnicity, county median income, hormone receptor status, or surgery type. Conclusion: Given prevalence of prior cancer in this rare and understudied population of men diagnosed with breast cancer, including men with prior cancer in clinical trials may improve accrual.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, triple-negative breast cancer in male patients is likely to be at a more advanced stage at the time of diagnosis, often with worse outcomes than in women. In addition, cancer treatments in men are commonly extrapolated from those used to treat postmenopausal women with breast cancer without evidence to support this extrapolation from women to men [ 4 ]. Studies addressing the biology and management of breast cancer in men (e.g., studies that correlate prognostic factors with treatment outcomes) are limited, and often lack statistical power [ 2 , 5 - 7 ]; data about risk factors, optimal treatment, and short-term and long-term outcomes in men are also unknown [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer Progression Is not Different in Mice of Different Gender Inoculated With Cells of the Triple-Negative 4T1 Breast Cancer Model

et al. 2022

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Background: Breast cancer in men is a rare and poorly studied disease, and its treatment is based on women breast cancer studies. However, clinical outcome is not the same in men and women. Basic studies and clinical trials in animal models provide detailed information on cancer, origin, development, cell signaling pathways, sites of metastasis, and target molecules. It is necessary to explore the biology of breast cancer in male animal models that allow observing their similarity. Methods:The triple-negative 4T1 breast cancer model was developed in both male and female mice and studied weekly during 4 weeks. For that, twenty 8-week-old female and male BALB/c mice were used. Sixteen mice (eight males and eight females) were inoculated into the second left thoracic mammary pad with 20,000 4T1 cells, resuspended in 20 µL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). All samples were processed for immunodetection, characterized histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Results:In this work, we describe the development of a triple-negative 4T1 breast cancer model in male BALB/c mice. Breast tumors were characterized histopathologically at different time points and corresponded to a moderately differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma, estrogen receptor ER-/progesterone receptor PR-/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 HER2-/Ki67+, with histological grade II (moderately differentiated; a solid mass with occasional duct formation and moderate to severe nuclear pleomorphism), infiltrating the adipose and muscular tissue, and metastasis to lungs. From the results, we did not observe differences in the time of tumor development, necrosis, color change of tumor tissue, and lung metastasis between male and female mice. Even though we did not find histological differences, response to treatment and molecular signaling may be different. Conclusions:The histogenesis of male breast tumors was similar to that of female BALB/c mice. The histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of male tumors also match the features reported for stage IV human breast cancer of men and women. The murine male breast cancer model described here can be a significant tool to explore the molecular mechanisms involved in male breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis and may bring new approaches for clinical treatment of triple-negative breast cancer in men.

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Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis for male breast cancer compared to female breast cancer

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

An Update on the General Features of Breast Cancer in Male Patients—A Literature Review

An Update on the General Features of Breast Cancer in Male Patients—A Literature Review

Revisiting Exclusion of Prior Cancer in Clinical Trials of Male Breast Cancer

Cancer Progression Is not Different in Mice of Different Gender Inoculated With Cells of the Triple-Negative 4T1 Breast Cancer Model

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