“…The Dreyfus skill acquisition model has been adopted by researchers to study expertise development in areas such as nursing (e.g., Benner, 2004;Benner, Hooper-Kyriakidis, & Stannard, 1999) and teaching (e.g., Berliner, 1988aBerliner, , 1988bCrawford, 2003). Based on the Dreyfus skill acquisition model, Berliner's research (1988aBerliner's research ( , 1988b pointed out that teachers at various levels of experience and expertise differed in their ability to interpret classroom phenomena, discern the importance of events, use routines, predict classroom phenomena, judge typical and atypical events, and evaluate teaching performance.…”