Clinical signs and clinicopathologic abnormalities in dogs with clinical spirocercosis: 39 cases (1996–2004)

Mylonakis, Mathios E.; Rallis, Timoleon; Koutinas, A. F.; Leontides, Leonidas; Patsikas, M. N.; Florou, M.; Papadopoulos, E.; Fytianou, A.

doi:10.2460/javma.228.7.1063

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The finding of pockets of neutrophils within nodules has been described, but not the high prevalence and severity of the lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Interestingly, in a previous study, 8% of spirocercosis cases showed lymphocytosis in their complete blood count (Mylonakis et al, 2006). Lympho-plasmacytic inflammation has been described in association with Helicobacter-induced gastritis, where T helper lymphocyte type 1 (Th1) cells and their associated cytokines are thought to play a significant role in carcinogenesis (Wilson and Crabtree, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposed histological progression of the Spirocerca lupi-induced oesophageal lesion in dogs

Dvir¹,

Clift²,

Williams³

2010

Veterinary Parasitology

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This study aims to outline the histological progression of the Spirocerca lupi nodule from infection to neoplastic transformation. Sixty-two spirocercosis-induced nodules, 42 nonneoplastic and 20 neoplastic, were stained with HE. Ten non-overlapping high power fields per nodule were examined and non-neoplastic and neoplastic nodules were compared. Inflammation was scored 0-3 and revealed a score of 1.91 ± 0.52 in the non-neoplastic and 0.97 ± 0.5 in the neoplastic cases (p < 0.01). In most non-neoplastic cases the inflammatory infiltrate was lymphoplasmacytic and in the neoplastic cases neutrophils predominated. Necrosis was scored 0-3 and revealed a score of 0.88 ± 0.41 in the non-neoplastic and 1.47 ± 0.5 in the neoplastic cases (p < 0.01). The average number of mitoses over 10 high power fields per nodule was 1.31 ± 1.55 in the non-neoplastic compared to 42.85 ± 30.79 in the neoplastic cases (p < 0.01).The average number of multinucleated giant cells over 10 high power fields per nodule was 0.9 ± 1.45 in the non-neoplastic compared to 13.9 ± 14.66 in the neoplastic cases (p < 0.01). In the non-neoplastic cases, collagen, immature fibroblasts and fibroblast activation (excessively plump euchromatic nuclei with single or multiple prominent nucleoli) were scored 0-3 and a combined score, fibroblasts + activation score − collagen was calculated. The non-neoplastic cases were divided into a combined score of ≤1 (n = 15) or >1 (n = 27). The 2 groups had similar scores for inflammation and necrosis, but were significantly different (p < 0.01) in mitotic index (0.26 ± 0.46 vs. 1.89 ± 1.65) and number of multinucleated cells (0 vs. 1.4 ± 1.6). These results indicate 2 stages in the non-neoplastic nodules: early inflammation, characterized by fibrocytes and abundant collagen, and a pre-neoplastic stage, characterized by activated fibroblasts and reduced collagen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposed histological progression of the Spirocerca lupi-induced oesophageal lesion in dogs

Dvir¹,

Clift²,

Williams³

2010

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…However, esophageal masses may result in dysphagia and, particularly those involving the thoracic esophagus can be identified radiographically. Spirocerca lupi is a nematode that infests the canine esophagus resulting in radiographically apparent esophageal masses, caudal thoracic vertebral spondylitis, and aortic undulation [15, 16]. Transformation of Spirocerca granulomas into malignant sarcomas has been reported and also results in radiographically visible esophageal masses [17, 18].…”

Section: Radiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Evaluation of Dogs and Cats with Dysphagia

Pollard

2012

ISRN Veterinary Science

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“…Our dog was negative for S. lupi eggs after having employed the fecal sedimentation technique. On thoracic radiographs, the characteristic finding of canine spirocercosis is an accumulation of intraluminal air and not the diffuse esophageal dilation that is typically seen in megaesophagus cases (Dvir et al 2001, Mylonakis et al 2006). Similar to our case, as high as 88.7% of the dogs with either localized or generalized MG have been into spontaneous serologic and clinical remission on an average of 6.4 months after diagnosis (range: 1-18 months) (Shelton 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Canine spirocercosis is a relatively common cause of esophageal dysphagia and regurgitations, especially among hunting breed dogs living in Greece (Mylonakis et al 2006). Our dog was negative for S. lupi eggs after having employed the fecal sedimentation technique.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous remission of localized myasthenia gravis manifested as megaesophagus in a dog

Soubasis

Mylonakis

Patsikas

et al. 2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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A 2.5-year-old male German shepherd-cross dog was admitted for progressively deteriorating regurgitations ofone-month duration. Physical examination was unremarkable, apart from a poor body condition; also, neurological examination did not reveal any abnormality. In thoracic survey radiographs, a generalized esophageal dilation, consistent with megaesophagus, was well visualized. An increased nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antibody titer confirmed the diagnosis of acquired focal myasthenia gravis expressed as megaesophagus in this patient. The only help offered to the dog was a modification of its feeding habits (upright position, small and frequent meals). Within two months of the initial admission and prior to institution of specific treatment for myasthenia gravis, the dog experienced spontaneous and complete clinical remission and remained healthy for the next two years, eating again the normal way, but unfortunately was lost to follow-up. The favourable outcome of megaesophagus due to localized myasthenia gravis is discussed accordingly.

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Clinical signs and clinicopathologic abnormalities in dogs with clinical spirocercosis: 39 cases (1996–2004)

Abstract: Results suggest that clinical spirocercosis occurs more often in young-adult, large-breed dogs. Nonregenerative anemia, neutrophilic leukocytosis, hyperproteinemia, and high alkaline phosphatase activity may be useful clinicopathologic indicators of this disease.

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Proposed histological progression of the Spirocerca lupi-induced oesophageal lesion in dogs

Proposed histological progression of the Spirocerca lupi-induced oesophageal lesion in dogs

Imaging Evaluation of Dogs and Cats with Dysphagia

Spontaneous remission of localized myasthenia gravis manifested as megaesophagus in a dog

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