Clinical significance of pneumatosis of the bowel wall.

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis with pneumoperitoneum and pneumoretroperitoneum following chemotherapy

“…Managing patients with PCI can be challenging. Because PCI is a potentially reversible, benign, and self-limited condition, it seems reasonable that major bowel resections should be avoided whenever possible [1]. However, urgent surgery is required in a small number of patients.…”

Abdominal compartment syndrome and intrahepatic portal venous gas: a possible complication of endoscopy

“…Elevated pressure and bowel ischemia following intra-abdominal 5 hypertension by endoscopy allow gas to diffuse into the submucosa and subsequently into the venous circulation, which may explain the presence of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis and IHPVG in our patient [4,5]. Early decompressive laparotomy with the maintenance of an open abdomen has been the standard management of ACS [1].…”

Imaging of Ischemia, Obstruction and Infection in the Abdomen

“…There are multiple other causes of these entities, however. Alternate causes of pneumatosis intestinalis or portalis include systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, barotrauma, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, intra-abdominal infection, bowel obstruction, iatrogenic bowel distention and inflammatory bowel disease 53,54 .…”