Clinical Research Experience With Gentamicin Incidence of Adverse Reactions

Arcieri, G.; Falco, F G; Smith, Honor; Hobson, Larry

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1970.tb84625.x

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Gentamicin, in particular, has been noted for its predominantly vestibulotoxic side effects 4 . Despite this, the wide spectrum of activity, especially against Gram‐negative bacteria, and their low per‐unit cost have made these compounds extremely attractive as a topical treatment for infected ears 5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ototoxicity of Topical Gentamicin Preparations

1999

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Physicians should consider the potential for ototoxicity if gentamicin-containing eardrops (and by extrapolation all topical aminoglycoside drops) are used for longer than 7 days in patients with a tympanic membrane defect. These preparations should not be used in the presence of healthy middle ear mucosa and should be discontinued shortly after the discharge has stopped. It is important to recognize that toxicity is primarily vestibular rather than cochlear.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ototoxicity of Topical Gentamicin Preparations

1999

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“…Clinical experience with adult patients (Arcieri et al, 1970) and experimental studies (Black et al, 1963) showed that the toxic effects of gentamicin, like those of the related antibiotics, neomycin and kanamycin, were principally on the ear and kidney. In adults ototoxicity was commoner than renal damage and loss of vestibular function occurred more commonly than deafness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In adults ototoxicity was commoner than renal damage and loss of vestibular function occurred more commonly than deafness. Many patients suffering toxic effects had impaired renal function before starting gentamicin therapy, and from the data available in man it seemed unlikely that toxic effects would occur at peak serum levels of 10 jig/ml or less (Arcieri et al, 1970). The initial 7 dosage regimen in the present study was chosen to err more towards inadequate serum levels than toxic ones.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Pharmacology of Gentamicin in the Newborn Infant

Milner¹,

Ross²,

Froud³

et al. 1972

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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. (1972). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 47, 927. Clinical pharmacology of gentamicin in the newborn infant. Newborn infants with suspected bacterial infection were treated with intramuscular gentamicin. Serum levels of the drug were measured 1 hour after the first dose, immediately before the second dose, and immediately before and 1 hour after a dose given on the third day.On a low dosage regimen (1 mg/kg every 8 hours) 9 of 17 infants had serum gentamicin levels below the required minimum level of 1 ,ug/ml immediately before the second dose, and 5 of 19 infants had similarly low levels on the third day. On a high dosage regimen (3 mg/kg initially, then 2 mg/kg every 8 hours) 2 of 10 infants had preinjection serum gentamicin levels below 1 ,ig/ml on the first day, and 3 out of 16 had similar levels on the third day. The mean ( + SE) serum gentamicin level on the high dosage regimen was 5 0 0 ±05 jg/ml 1 hour after the first injection, 1 9±0 4 Fg/ml just before the second injection, and on the third day 1 9 ±03 ,ug/ml just before an injection and 5 1 ±0 * 5 [Lg/ml 1 hour after injection. The highest serum gentamicin level recorded in any of the 40 infants studied was 8 2 ,ug/ml.On the first day of treatment with the low dose regimen, a mean of 21 % (range 9-68%) of the injected dose was recovered from the urine; and on the third or fourth day a mean of 44% (range 17-76%) of the gentamicin injected on that day was recovered.In 4 infants who died tissue gentamicin levels were measured in the liver, lungs, heart, kidneys, and brain, the highest concentration being in the kidney with low levels in the heart, liver, and brain, while levels in the lungs were intermediate. Neonatal renal and pulmonary infections are thus likely to be suitably treated with gentamicin.Bacteriological studies confirmed the effectiveness of gentamicin in the treatment of neonatal infection, but a dosage regimen derived by extrapolation from older children frequently resulted in inadequate serum levels, and a higher dosage regimen giving more satisfactory results was therefore defined.The effectiveness of gentamicin in vitro against Pseudomonas pyocyanea and other bacterial species commonly found in hospital nurseries (Barber and Waterworth, 1966)

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“…These antimicrobials exhibit some advantageous features, such as poor gastrointestinal absorption, reduced penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid, negligible binding to plasma proteins, and fast excretion by uncompromised kidneys [14]. However, they should be prescribed with caution because of their recognized oto-and nephrotoxicity [15]. From this large family of antimicrobial agents, the low cost and reliable activity of gentamicin give good reasons for its prescription [16].…”

Section: Mechanism Of Action and Clinical Utility Of Oxytetracycline mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxytetracycline and Gentamicin: Two Clinicallyrelevant Antimicrobials Widely Used by Costa Rican Farmers. Implications of Their Use Outside Clinical Cettings and Request for Action

Sánchez

2008

Rev.Med.UCR

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This mini-review deals with oxytetracycline and gentamicin: two clinically-relevant antimicrobials that find extensive usage in horticulture and other productive activities. The manuscript begins with a few words on their mechanism of action and clinical utility. Thereafter I address the most important mechanisms of acquired or intrinsic resistance described to date and some implications of the unrestricted use of these drugs outside clinical settings. A number of reports on the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistance genes and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in agroecosystems illustrates that a threat exists and justifies the plea for monitoring programs and environmental risk assessments with which the article concludes.

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Clinical Research Experience With Gentamicin Incidence of Adverse Reactions

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

Ototoxicity of Topical Gentamicin Preparations

Ototoxicity of Topical Gentamicin Preparations

Clinical Pharmacology of Gentamicin in the Newborn Infant

Oxytetracycline and Gentamicin: Two Clinicallyrelevant Antimicrobials Widely Used by Costa Rican Farmers. Implications of Their Use Outside Clinical Cettings and Request for Action

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