2017
DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25693
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Abstract: Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has enabled MRI of tissue magnetic susceptibility to advance from simple qualitative detection of hypointense blooming artifacts to precise quantitative measurement of spatial biodistributions. QSM technology may be regarded to be sufficiently developed and validated to warrant wide dissemination for clinical applications of imaging isotropic susceptibility, which is dominated by metals in tissue, including iron and calcium. These biometals are highly regulated as vita… Show more

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Cited by 199 publications
(181 citation statements)
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References 227 publications
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“…MEDI+0 assumes CSF susceptibility homogeneity and enforces this using an L 2 ‐norm regularization. This approach has not been validated in vivo in the presence of exogenous contrast, and does not take into account the potential complexities that can arise in the presence of blood‐pool contrast agents . This includes the presence of small but high‐susceptibility blood vessels within the CSF spaces.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 56%
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“…MEDI+0 assumes CSF susceptibility homogeneity and enforces this using an L 2 ‐norm regularization. This approach has not been validated in vivo in the presence of exogenous contrast, and does not take into account the potential complexities that can arise in the presence of blood‐pool contrast agents . This includes the presence of small but high‐susceptibility blood vessels within the CSF spaces.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 56%
“…This is accomplished by measuring the perturbed magnetic field and solving an ill‐posed inverse problem to provide a pixel‐by‐pixel estimate of the susceptibility distribution . In the last decade, QSM has demonstrated potential in many important clinical applications . For example, QSM has demonstrated greater sensitivity than R 2 * in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients for identifying increased nigral iron, a biomarker that correlates with PD severity and longitudinal progression.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 88%
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“…While the magnitude data of the multiecho gradient‐echo (GRE) MRI are used to generate R2*, the phase data can be used to generate quantitative susceptibility maps (QSM) to directly measure magnetic susceptibility without blooming artifacts found in R2* . QSM has become robust and reliably reproducible . QSM has been applied to abdominal organs by accounting for the fat contribution to the measured signal phase .…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Biophysically, susceptibility MRI (R2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping [QSM]) can detect local magnetic susceptibility changes that are sensitive to metals like iron . The apparent transverse relaxation rate (R2*) and QSM have been utilized to detect the distinct pathological patterns in PD, MSA, and PSP .…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%