Clinical Progress on Management of Pneumonia Due to COVID-19 With Chinese Traditional Patent Medicines

Ying, Wantao; Zhong, Ping

doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.655063

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Apricots are ingredients of two traditional Chinese medicines—Jinhuaqinggan granules and Lianhuaqinwen capsule/granules—which are used in combination with conventional medicines in the treatment of viral infections [ 13 ]. In Korea, the seeds are used to treat cough, phlegm and the common cold.…”

Section: Traditional and Ethnomedicinal Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Anticancer Potential and Other Pharmacological Properties of Prunus armeniaca L.: An Updated Overview

Kitić

Miladinović

Randjelović

et al. 2022

Plants

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Prunus armeniaca L. (Rosaceae)-syn. Amygdalus armeniaca (L.) Dumort., Armeniaca armeniaca (L.) Huth, Armeniaca vulgaris Lam is commonly known as the apricot tree. The plant is thought to originate from the northern, north-western, and north-eastern provinces of China, although some data show that it may also come from Korea or Japan. The apricot fruit is used medicinally to treat a variety of ailments, including use as an antipyretic, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, emetic, and ophthalmic remedy. The Chinese and Korean pharmacopeias describe the apricot seed as an herbal medicinal product. Various parts of the apricot plant are used worldwide for their anticancer properties, either as a primary remedy in traditional medicine or as a complementary or alternative medicine. The purpose of this review was to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information on ethnobotanical data, bioactive phytochemicals, anticancer potential, pharmacological applications, and toxicology of the genus Prunus armeniaca, thus providing new perspectives on future research directions. Included data were obtained from online databases such as PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, Science direct, and Wiley Online Library. Multiple anticancer mechanisms have been identified in in vitro and in vivo studies, the most important mechanisms being apoptosis, antiproliferation, and cytotoxicity. The anticancer properties are probably mediated by the contained bioactive compounds, which can activate various anticancer mechanisms and signaling pathways such as tumor suppressor proteins that reduce the proliferation of tumor cells. Other pharmacological properties resulting from the analysis of experimental studies include neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, immunostimulatory, antihyperlipidemic, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. In addition, data were provided on the toxicity of amygdalin, a compound found in apricot kernel seeds, which limits the long-term use of complementary/alternative products derived from P. armeniaca. This updated review showed that bioactive compounds derived from P. armeniaca are promising compounds for future research due to their important pharmacological properties, especially anticancer. A detailed analysis of the chemical structure of these compounds and their cytotoxicity should be carried out in future research. In addition, translational pharmacological studies are required for the correct determination of pharmacologically active doses in humans.

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Section: Traditional and Ethnomedicinal Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Anticancer Potential and Other Pharmacological Properties of Prunus armeniaca L.: An Updated Overview

Kitić

Miladinović

Randjelović

et al. 2022

Plants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Additionally, traditional Chinese medicine is widely used in the treatment of COVID-19 in China (Liang et al, 2021;Wu and Zhong, 2021). Jingyin granules and Qingfei Paidu decoction, have been recommended for treating the H1N1 influenza A virus infection and COVID-19 in China, and have exhibited an inhibitory effect on CYP1A, CYP2A6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP2C19 and CYP3A (Zhang et al, 2021b;Zhang et al, 2021c).…”

Section: Pharmacological Therapy For Comorbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in COVID-19 Pathogenesis and Therapy

et al. 2022

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a new public health crisis threatening the world. Dysregulated immune responses are the most striking pathophysiological features of patients with severe COVID-19, which can result in multiple-organ failure and death. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) system is the most important drug metabolizing enzyme family, which plays a significant role in the metabolism of endogenous or exogenous substances. Endogenous CYPs participate in the biosynthesis or catabolism of endogenous substances, including steroids, vitamins, eicosanoids, and fatty acids, whilst xenobiotic CYPs are associated with the metabolism of environmental toxins, drugs, and carcinogens. CYP expression and activity are greatly affected by immune response. However, changes in CYP expression and/or function in COVID-19 and their impact on COVID-19 pathophysiology and the metabolism of therapeutic agents in COVID-19, remain unclear. In this analysis, we review current evidence predominantly in the following areas: firstly, the possible changes in CYP expression and/or function in COVID-19; secondly, the effects of CYPs on the metabolism of arachidonic acid, vitamins, and steroid hormones in COVID-19; and thirdly, the effects of CYPs on the metabolism of therapeutic COVID-19 drugs.

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“…In addition, XNJ can be used alone or as an adjuvant therapy to reduce brain damage and improve nerve health for the treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage [ 132 ] and traumatic craniocerebral injury [ 133 , 134 ]. During the COVID-19 epidemic, the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China listed XNJ as a recommended traditional Chinese medicine injection in the “Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19 (8th Edition)” [ 135 ]. For patients with severe symptoms, the Angong Niuhuang Pill is also recommended [ 135 ].…”

Section: Research On Formulas Containing Both Cinnabar and Realgarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the COVID-19 epidemic, the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China listed XNJ as a recommended traditional Chinese medicine injection in the “Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of COVID-19 (8th Edition)” [ 135 ]. For patients with severe symptoms, the Angong Niuhuang Pill is also recommended [ 135 ].…”

Section: Research On Formulas Containing Both Cinnabar and Realgarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Rational Application of Cinnabar, Realgar, and Their Formulations

Guan

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Ethnopharmacological Relevance. Mineral medicines are widely used traditional Chinese medicines with curative effects. These medicines are used for many refractory diseases. Aim of the Review. In this review, cinnabar (HgS) and realgar (As₂S₂) serve as examples of mineral medicines, and their pharmacology, therapeutic toxicity, use in traditional medicine mixtures, and research perspectives are discussed. Materials and Methods. A search was performed for the literature on cinnabar and realgar in PubMed, the Chinese Pharmacopeia, Google, and other sources. The search included studies using single herbs, traditional formulations, or novel dosage forms. Results. Cinnabar and cinnabar formulas exhibit good efficacy for sedation, sleep improvement, anxiety alleviation, and brain protection. However, previous studies on neurotransmitters have reached different conclusions, and detailed pharmacological mechanisms are lacking. Realgar and its formulas exert promising antitumor activity through regulation of cell cycle arrest, intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, induction of differentiation, autophagy, metabolic reprogramming, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) signaling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In addition, realgar can be used to treat a variety of refractory diseases by regulating immunity and exerting antibacterial, antiviral, and other effects. However, the existing pharmacological research on the use of realgar for epidemic prevention is insufficient, and animal experiments and research at the cellular level are lacking. Inappropriate applications of cinnabar and realgar can cause toxicity, including neurotoxicity, liver toxicity, kidney toxicity, and genotoxicity. The toxicological mechanism is complex, and molecular-level research is limited. For clinical applications, theory and clinical experience must be combined to guide scientific and rational drug use and to achieve reduced toxicity and increased efficacy through the use of modern preparation methods or combined drugs. Notably, when cinnabar and realgar are used to treat targeted diseases, these agents have a bidirectional effect of “treatment” and “toxicity” on the central nervous system in pathological and normal states. The pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms need to be elucidated in greater detail in the future. Overall, systematic research is needed to provide a basis for better promotion of the rational use of cinnabar and realgar in the clinic. Conclusion. Mineral medicines are multicomponent, multiactivity, and multitargeted substances. The pharmacology and mechanisms of the toxicity and action of realgar and cinnabar are extremely complex. A number of Chinese medicinal preparations of realgar and cinnabar have demonstrated unique efficacy in the treatment of refractory diseases.

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Clinical Progress on Management of Pneumonia Due to COVID-19 With Chinese Traditional Patent Medicines

Cited by 14 publications

References 78 publications

Anticancer Potential and Other Pharmacological Properties of Prunus armeniaca L.: An Updated Overview

Anticancer Potential and Other Pharmacological Properties of Prunus armeniaca L.: An Updated Overview

The Role of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in COVID-19 Pathogenesis and Therapy

Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Rational Application of Cinnabar, Realgar, and Their Formulations

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