Clinical presentation of FMD virus SAT1 infections in experimentally challenged indigenous South African goats

Experimental Infection of Foot and Mouth Disease in Indian Sheep and Goats

“…It should be noted that although sheep and goats inoculated by the intra-dermo-lingual route showed no signs of generalized infection, virus could be isolated from blood samples and viral RNA was detected in blood samples up to 10 dpc. Furthermore, Lazarus, et al ( 30 ) presented that indigenous South African goats manifested FMD clinical signs by challenging intra-dermo-lingual route with SAT1 virus pool. However, the clinical signs of FMD may be influenced by the virus strain and the breed of sheep and goats ( 31 ).…”

Impact of foot-and-mouth-disease on goat behaviour after experimental infection with serotype SAT1 virus

“…Additionally, outbreaks of FMD outside the protection zone has a large effect on the commercial sector due to loss of international markets and therefore affects the meat industry of the whole country. FMD is characterised by fever and lameness due to ulcerative foot lesions (Arzt et al, 2011) and clinical signs in goats have been described as mild with nasal discharge, ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa and the development of fever (Lazarus et al, 2019). However, reports of FMD in goats are based on clinical signs extrapolated from what has been observed in sheep with very few goat-specific peer-reviewed publications.…”

“…Each group was housed in a separate biocontainment room (stable) within a biosafety level 3 animal facility at the Transboundary Animal Diseases platform within the Onderstepoort Veterinary Research (OVR) campus of the Agricultural Research Council. Goats were experimentally challenged by intra-dermolingual inoculation on the dorsal surface of the tongue using a pool of three SAT1 (SAR/8/10, SAR/10/10 and SAR/21/10) serotype FMDV (Lazarus et al, 2019).…”

“…There is a paucity of literature concerning FMD in goats. However, in experimentally infected goats, clinical signs have been described as mild with a rise in body temperature, nasal discharge, and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa and feet (Lazarus et al, 2019). Although eradicated in many developed countries, FMD still causes great economic losses in endemic countries, especially to smallholder farmers (Nampanya et al, 2015).…”

“…During 2019, outbreaks of FMD were reported in cattle within the previously FMD-free zone of South Africa (DAFF, 2019). Goats have also been suggested to be involved in previous FMD outbreaks in southern Africa (Lazarus et al 2019). In South Africa goats are the most common livestock species of communal or smallholder farmers, and small ruminant flocks are often unsupervised employing free-roaming grazing during the day (Mohlatlole et al, 2015) while often housed or kraaled together with cattle during the night.…”