ARIs are a common cause of morbidity in the first 2-years of life, with children experiencing 13 discrete ARI episodes and almost 5-months of respiratory symptoms. Most ARIs are managed in the community by parents and family physicians. Antibiotic prescribing remains common for ARIs in young children. Secular societal changes, including greater use of childcare in early childhood, may have maintained the high ARI incidence in this age-group. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:1336-1346. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.