Clinical Features and Treatment Modes of Mandibular Fracture at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University Hospital, Japan

Abstract

BackgroundThe number of elderly patients with maxillofacial trauma is rapidly increasing due to active lifestyles and longevity. Shimane prefecture has the fastest growing proportion of elderly individuals in Japan. The aim of this study was to reveal the distinctive features and treatment modes of mandibular fracture treatment mode in patients requiring hospitalization at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University Hospital, Japan.Patients and MethodsPatient age, sex, period between injury and first consultation, years since injury, cause of injury, fracture site, treatment, and duration of hospitalization were evaluated. Univariate Poisson regression, relative risk with 95% confidence interval based on the Wald test, Fisher’s exact test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to explore associations among clinical and demographic variables.ResultsIn total, 305 patients were diagnosed with and hospitalized for mandibular fracture from 1980 to 2010. Younger age increased the risk for mandibular fracture. Incidence was higher in males than females, particularly in the young, but the male to female ratio decreased with age. The period until first hospital consultation decreased progressively over the study period. Fall was a much more frequent cause in patients aged ≥60 than in those aged <60 years. Mandibular fracture with condyle, symphysis, and angle involvement were most common and were associated with sex, age, and treatment mode. Length of hospitalization has decreased since 1980.ConclusionIn our department, patients aged ≥60 years accounted for a greater proportion of mandibular fracture cases than in many previous studies, reflecting the greater proportion of elderly residents in Shimane prefecture.

Ten-year retrospective study on mandibular fractures in central Taiwan

“…There is a wide variation in the common locations of mandibular fractures. 5 , 6 , 12 , 17 , 18 This may be related to ethnic and socioeconomic differences between countries. Motorcycle accident-related mandibular fractures are mainly observed in the symphysis and parasymphysis regions.…”

The epidemiology of facial trauma in a city in Northern Brazil

“…However, in developed countries, the frequency of fractures in children and adolescentes has an important relationship with comorbidities (asthma and migraines), a history of mental illness (depression, anxiety and hyperactivity) and/or alcohol, tobacco and marijuana abuse (Siwani et al 2014;Brucoli et al 2019;Kanala et al 2021). The incidence curve of facial fractures in elderly patients is increasing, due to the increased life expectancy, especially in industrialized countries (Tatsumi et al 2015).…”

“…Falls are the most common cause in developed countries such as Japan, where violence rates are low and road safety education is high (Tatsumi et al 2015) and the most common cause in elderly (Rashid et al 2013). Countries where some sports are considered more violent, such as Australian football or the use of animals for riding, have high incidences of fractures of sport etiology (Verma and Chambers 2015).…”

“…Condylar fractures are usually treated conservatively, without surgery and a high success rate with very few complications, in line with recommendations in the literature. (Lee 2008;Tatsumi et al 2015). There are authors who certify that the treatment time for facial fractures does not affect the end result, which can be immediate up to three weeks after the trauma, although the faster the treatment, the less discomfort and the greater the potential for bone repair (Adeyemo et al 2008;Eskitaşcioǧlu et al 2013).…”

“…Zero tolerance programs for guns and alcohol have made Japan one of the safest countries in the world, which is confirmed by some epidemiological studies that show violence lags far behind other causes of facial fractures. (Tatsumi et al 2015). Even in developed countries that do not have more restrictive guidelines on alcohol consumption, they are more likely to suffer from jaw and facial trauma (Lee 2008;Verma and Chambers 2015;Liu et al 2020).…”