“…Of these, 795 were screened based on the title and/or abstract content, and 42 were selected for full‐text assessment and inclusion in the qualitative evaluation. Finally, 34 studies (Antoun, Sitbon, Martinez, & Missika, ; von Arx & Buser, ; von Arx & Kurt, ; Assenza et al., ; Bahat & Fontanessi, ; Buser, Dula, Hirt, & Schenk, ; Chiapasco, Autelitano, Rabbiosi, & Zaniboni, ; Cordaro, Amade, & Cordaro, ; Cordaro, Torsello, Morcavallo, & di Torresanto, ; Friedmann, Strietzel, Maretzki, Pitaru, & Bernimoulin, ; Her, Kang, & Fien, ; Kfir, Kfir, & Kaluski, ; Lee, Kim, Yi, & Choi, ; Lindfors, Tervonen, Sandor, & Ylikontiola, ; Lizio, Corinaldesi, & Marchetti, ; Lorenzoni, Pertl, Polansky, Jakse, & Wegscheider, ; Louis, Gutta, Said‐Al‐Naief, & Bartolucci, ; Lyford, Mills, Knapp, Scheyer, & Mellonig, ; Mattout & Mattout, ; Meloni et al., ; Merli et al., ; Miyamoto, Funaki, Yamauchi, Kodama, & Takahashi, ; Park, Brooks, Oh, & Wang, ; Parodi, Carusi, Santarelli, & Nanni, ; Proussaefs & Lozada, , ; Proussaefs, ; Sethi & Kaus, ; Torres et al., ; Uehara et al., ; Urban, Nagursky & Lozada, ; Urban, Nagursky, Lozada, & Nagy, ; Wessing, Emmerich, & Bozkurt, ; Zitzmann, Naef, & Scharer, ) were excluded from the quantitative analysis due to lack of data, and eight studies (Annibali, Bignozzi, Sammartino, La Monaca, & Cristalli, ; Buser et al., ; Chiapasco, Abati, Romeo, & Vogel, ; Fu, Oh, Benavides, Rudek, & Wang, ; Gher, Quintero, Assad, Monaco, & Richardson, ; Nowzari & Slots, ; Park et al., ; Tawil, El‐Ghoule, & Mawla, ) that reported on the primary and secondary outcomes were meta‐analyzed. The kappa value between the two reviewers was 0.92 for titles and abstract evaluation, and 0.88 for full‐text evaluation.…”