“…Fifteen hallmarks of aging have been described in cannabis dependence, including (1) increased acute and chronic physical and mental illness ( 138 ), (2) acceleration of cardiovascular and organismal age ( 15 ), (3) endocrine disruption, particularly of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis ( 139 , 140 ), (4) mitochondrial inhibition ( 141 – 144 ), (5) DNA hypomethylation and advanced epigenetic age ( 14 , 145 – 147 ), (6) neuroinflammation accompanying cannabis-associated mental illnesses ( 148 – 173 ), (7) cirrhosis ( 174 – 176 ), (8) degeneration of oocytes and sperm ( 177 , 178 ), (9) increased carcinogenesis ( 28 , 179 – 190 ), (10) heightened rates of many congenital anomalies and teratologic syndromes ( 27 – 29 , 191 – 207 ), (11) telomerase inhibition ( 11 , 208 ), (12) chromosomal damage ( 2 , 4 , 8 , 178 ), (13) reduction in histones ( 5 , 21 , 26 , 209 – 211 ), (14) immunostimulation ( 93 , 94 , 99 – 101 , 212 – 217 ), and (15) elevated mortality rates in long-term users ( 218 – 229 ). These are elaborated in detail elsewhere ( 31 , 185 , 230 ).…”