Clinical effect of cidofovir and a diet supplemented with Spirulina platensis in white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infected specific pathogen-free Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles

Dietary administration of Gynura bicolor (Roxb. Willd.) DC water extract enhances immune response and survival rate against Vibrio alginolyticus and white spot syndrome virus in white shrimp Litopeneaus vannamei

“…Previous studies reported that diets with Gelidium amansii, Gracilaria tenuistipitata extract and zingerone extracted from ginger can enhance the immunity against Vibrio infection of L. vannamei [24,40,41], and supplement with marine blue green algae Spirulina platensis and G. tenuistipitata extract in diets can reduce the mortality of WSSV-infected L. vannamei [42]. In the present study, after 48e144 h of either V. alginolyticus or WSSV challenges, all the survival rates of L. vannamei fed G. bicolor diets at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g (kg diet) À1 for 28 days were significantly higher than the shrimp fed the control diet.…”

The effect of fucoidan from brown seaweed Sargassum wightii on WSSV resistance and immune activity in shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fab)

“…Oral administration of antiviral plant extract of Cynodon dactylon against WSSV in P. monodon given excellent support [19]. Administration of an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate, cidofovir ((S)-1-3-hydroxy-2-phosphonyl methoxy propyl cytosine) (HPMPC) supplemented with a marine blue green algae Spirulina platensis in shrimp diet has been shown to delay the mortality of WSSV-infected shrimp [20].…”

Administration of the hot-water extract of Spirulina platensis enhanced the immune response of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus

“…Dietary administration of S. platensis was reported to increase the phagocytic activity of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, and common carp Cyprinus carpio [11,12], and increase the resistance against Vibrio and WSSV in penaeid shrimp [13,14]. However, little is known about the effect of S. platensis on the immune response and its possible mode of action in enhancing shrimp immunity.…”