Clinical Detection of Early Changes in the Visual Field

The value of visual field testing in the era of advanced imaging: clinical and psychophysical perspectives

“…The visual field broadly refers to the area in which a stimulus can be visually detected . From the point of fixation, the monocular visual field of a normal human observer extends approximately 50 degrees superiorly, 70 degrees inferiorly, 60 degrees nasally and 100 degrees temporally . The visual field can be measured using a variety of perimetric techniques .…”

“…SAP is a non‐specific term used to describe any perimetric test measuring the detection threshold of a static, achromatic light stimulus of fixed size (Goldmann size III, GIII), presented for a fixed duration (approximately 100 to 200 ms) upon an achromatic background of constant luminance (1–10 cd/m). Output measurements of SAP are typically provided using decibel (dB) scaled units, which are not measures of luminance intensity but rather of the attenuation of light from the instrument's density filters.…”

“…Spatial summation functions for the same patient shown in Figure . Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) thresholds have been converted into equivalent Weber contrast levels on the y‐axis (as per Khuu and Kalloniatis) with stimulus sizes expressed in log degrees on the x‐axis. Five points represent the thresholds obtained using each available Goldmann stimulus size on the HFA and the line represents the segmental non‐linear regression with an initial slope fixed at −1, representing the region of complete spatial summation.…”

“…1,2 From the point of fixation, the monocular visual field of a normal human observer extends approximately 50 degrees superiorly, 70 degrees inferiorly, 60 degrees nasally and 100 degrees temporally. [2][3][4] The visual field can be measured using a variety of perimetric techniques. 5,6 The extent and shape of the visual field varies with stimulus parameters, such as stimulus size.…”

The value of visual field testing in the era of advanced imaging: clinical and psychophysical perspectives

“…The visual field broadly refers to the area in which a stimulus can be visually detected . From the point of fixation, the monocular visual field of a normal human observer extends approximately 50 degrees superiorly, 70 degrees inferiorly, 60 degrees nasally and 100 degrees temporally . The visual field can be measured using a variety of perimetric techniques .…”

“…SAP is a non‐specific term used to describe any perimetric test measuring the detection threshold of a static, achromatic light stimulus of fixed size (Goldmann size III, GIII), presented for a fixed duration (approximately 100 to 200 ms) upon an achromatic background of constant luminance (1–10 cd/m). Output measurements of SAP are typically provided using decibel (dB) scaled units, which are not measures of luminance intensity but rather of the attenuation of light from the instrument's density filters.…”

“…Spatial summation functions for the same patient shown in Figure . Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) thresholds have been converted into equivalent Weber contrast levels on the y‐axis (as per Khuu and Kalloniatis) with stimulus sizes expressed in log degrees on the x‐axis. Five points represent the thresholds obtained using each available Goldmann stimulus size on the HFA and the line represents the segmental non‐linear regression with an initial slope fixed at −1, representing the region of complete spatial summation.…”

“…1,2 From the point of fixation, the monocular visual field of a normal human observer extends approximately 50 degrees superiorly, 70 degrees inferiorly, 60 degrees nasally and 100 degrees temporally. [2][3][4] The visual field can be measured using a variety of perimetric techniques. 5,6 The extent and shape of the visual field varies with stimulus parameters, such as stimulus size.…”

Physiologic statokinetic dissociation is eliminated by equating static and kinetic perimetry testing procedures

“…Contrast sensitivity in the clinical setting is typically assessed using perimetric technologies that quantify the ability of the observer to detect a spot of light presented to different locations across the visual field. This feature of perimetric testing is advantageous because it can provide an indication of both local and global patterns of visual loss, such as those occurring in ocular or neurological disease (Jampel et al, 2011;Traquair, 1939;Weinreb & Kaufman, 2009). However, subjective responses might be problematic as criterion biases Citation: Phu, J., Al-Saleem, N., .…”

The value of visual field testing in the era of advanced imaging: clinical and psychophysical perspectives

“…The visual field broadly refers to the area in which a stimulus can be visually detected . From the point of fixation, the monocular visual field of a normal human observer extends approximately 50 degrees superiorly, 70 degrees inferiorly, 60 degrees nasally and 100 degrees temporally . The visual field can be measured using a variety of perimetric techniques .…”

“…SAP is a non‐specific term used to describe any perimetric test measuring the detection threshold of a static, achromatic light stimulus of fixed size (Goldmann size III, GIII), presented for a fixed duration (approximately 100 to 200 ms) upon an achromatic background of constant luminance (1–10 cd/m). Output measurements of SAP are typically provided using decibel (dB) scaled units, which are not measures of luminance intensity but rather of the attenuation of light from the instrument's density filters.…”

“…Spatial summation functions for the same patient shown in Figure . Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) thresholds have been converted into equivalent Weber contrast levels on the y‐axis (as per Khuu and Kalloniatis) with stimulus sizes expressed in log degrees on the x‐axis. Five points represent the thresholds obtained using each available Goldmann stimulus size on the HFA and the line represents the segmental non‐linear regression with an initial slope fixed at −1, representing the region of complete spatial summation.…”

“…1,2 From the point of fixation, the monocular visual field of a normal human observer extends approximately 50 degrees superiorly, 70 degrees inferiorly, 60 degrees nasally and 100 degrees temporally. [2][3][4] The visual field can be measured using a variety of perimetric techniques. 5,6 The extent and shape of the visual field varies with stimulus parameters, such as stimulus size.…”

Physiologic statokinetic dissociation is eliminated by equating static and kinetic perimetry testing procedures

“…Contrast sensitivity in the clinical setting is typically assessed using perimetric technologies that quantify the ability of the observer to detect a spot of light presented to different locations across the visual field. This feature of perimetric testing is advantageous because it can provide an indication of both local and global patterns of visual loss, such as those occurring in ocular or neurological disease (Jampel et al, 2011;Traquair, 1939;Weinreb & Kaufman, 2009). However, subjective responses might be problematic as criterion biases Citation: Phu, J., Al-Saleem, N., .…”

The value of visual field testing in the era of advanced imaging: clinical and psychophysical perspectives

“…The visual field broadly refers to the area in which a stimulus can be visually detected . From the point of fixation, the monocular visual field of a normal human observer extends approximately 50 degrees superiorly, 70 degrees inferiorly, 60 degrees nasally and 100 degrees temporally . The visual field can be measured using a variety of perimetric techniques .…”

“…SAP is a non‐specific term used to describe any perimetric test measuring the detection threshold of a static, achromatic light stimulus of fixed size (Goldmann size III, GIII), presented for a fixed duration (approximately 100 to 200 ms) upon an achromatic background of constant luminance (1–10 cd/m). Output measurements of SAP are typically provided using decibel (dB) scaled units, which are not measures of luminance intensity but rather of the attenuation of light from the instrument's density filters.…”

“…Spatial summation functions for the same patient shown in Figure . Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) thresholds have been converted into equivalent Weber contrast levels on the y‐axis (as per Khuu and Kalloniatis) with stimulus sizes expressed in log degrees on the x‐axis. Five points represent the thresholds obtained using each available Goldmann stimulus size on the HFA and the line represents the segmental non‐linear regression with an initial slope fixed at −1, representing the region of complete spatial summation.…”

“…1,2 From the point of fixation, the monocular visual field of a normal human observer extends approximately 50 degrees superiorly, 70 degrees inferiorly, 60 degrees nasally and 100 degrees temporally. [2][3][4] The visual field can be measured using a variety of perimetric techniques. 5,6 The extent and shape of the visual field varies with stimulus parameters, such as stimulus size.…”

Physiologic statokinetic dissociation is eliminated by equating static and kinetic perimetry testing procedures

“…Contrast sensitivity in the clinical setting is typically assessed using perimetric technologies that quantify the ability of the observer to detect a spot of light presented to different locations across the visual field. This feature of perimetric testing is advantageous because it can provide an indication of both local and global patterns of visual loss, such as those occurring in ocular or neurological disease (Jampel et al, 2011;Traquair, 1939;Weinreb & Kaufman, 2009). However, subjective responses might be problematic as criterion biases Citation: Phu, J., Al-Saleem, N., .…”