Clinical Chemistry

Anderson, David J.; Guo, Baochuan; Xu, Yan; Ng, Lily; Kricka, Larry J.; Skogerboe, Kristen J.; Hage, David S.; Schoeff, Larry E.; Wang, Joseph; Sokoll, Lori J.; Chan, Daniel W.; Ward, Kory M.; Davis, Katherine A.

doi:10.1021/a1970008p

Cited by 67 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 731 publications

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“…In vivo, robust STAT3 activity precedes the onset of astrogliogenesis [49], suggesting that STAT3 is an integral component for differentiation of glial cells. Interestingly, neurons and glia arise from the same precursor cell population [9]. Although the precise mechanisms of neural development remain unclear, it has been proposed that failure of STAT3 to initiate glial gene expression in neuronal precursors is attributed to STAT-independent mechanisms, such as the requirement of additional transcription factors for neuronal development.…”

Section: Stat Expression In the Developing And Mature Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 in Neuronal Survival and Regeneration

Dziennis

Alkayed²

2008

Reviews in the Neurosciences

138

108

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SynopsisSignal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) comprise a family of transcription factors that mediate a wide variety of biological functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Injury to neural tissue induces STAT activation, and STATs are increasingly recognized for their role in neuronal survival. In this review, we discuss the role of STAT3 during neural development and following ischemic and traumatic injury in brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. We focus on STAT3 because of the expanding body of literature that investigates protective and regenerative effects of growth factors, hormones and cytokines that use STAT3 to mediate their effect, in part through transcriptional upregulation of neuroprotective and neurotrophic genes. Defining the endogenous molecular mechanisms that lead to neuroprotection by STAT3 after injury might identify novel therapeutic targets against acute neural tissue damage as well as chronic neurodegenerative disorders. KeywordsSTAT3; ischemia; neuroregeneration; neuroprotection; axotomy; spinal cord injury; neurodevelopment IntroductionSTATs are activated in the central nervous system (CNS) following injury in response to multiple signaling pathways (Fig. 1). The primary mechanism for STAT activation in brain and spinal cord is believed to be in response to the multiple cytokines and growth factors that are released after injury. However, STATs can also be activated by free radicals, excitatory neurotransmitters and other inflammatory mediators that are also produced in damaged neural tissue [3]. STATs comprise a family of seven transcription factors: STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5a, STAT5b and STAT6 [119]. STATs are expressed during development in both neurons and glia. In adult brain, STATs are normally quiescent, but as summarized in Tables 1 and 2, several STAT family members, including STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5, have been shown to be activated after injury. Interestingly, however, different STATs seem to play different roles in injured tissue. For example, whereas STAT3 and STAT5 have been linked to neuroprotection by trophic factors and cytokines after ischemic brain or nerve injury, STAT1 activation has been associated with neuronal cell death. STAT3 and STAT5 promote neuronal survival by inducing neuroprotective genes, whereas STAT1 promotes neurodegeneration by inducing apoptotic and other cell death promoting genes. Finally, although several STAT Reprint address: Nabil J. Alkayed, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Anesthesiology & Peri-Operative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., UHS-2, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, USA, e-mail: E-mail: alkayedn@ohsu.edu. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptRev Neurosci. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 May 13. Published in final edited form as:Rev Neurosci. 2008 ; 19(4-5): 341-361. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript family members influence neuronal survival during development and in response to trophic factors and cytok...

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Section: Stat Expression In the Developing And Mature Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 in Neuronal Survival and Regeneration

Dziennis

Alkayed²

2008

Reviews in the Neurosciences

138

108

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“…Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) has received much attention due to its promising advantages such as simplicity, high sensitivity, rapidity and an easy controllability (1)(2)(3)(4). There are three main ECL systems that have been investigated in the analytical and bioanalytical fields: the first is based on the direct and indirect ECL reaction of luminol in alkaline solution; the second concerns the use of the ECL reaction of ruthenium (II) tris(2,2′-bipyridine) for use as an ECL label, or for the quantification of persulphates and oxalates; and the third involves an acridinium ester reaction in alkaline solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence reaction of lucigenin with isatin at a platinum electrode

Zhang

2004

Luminescence

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The electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) reaction of lucigenin with isatin was investigated at a platinum electrode in a neutral aqueous solution. The ECL intensity of lucigenin at -0.65 V was greatly enhanced by isatin, and the ECL intensity was about 50 times higher than that of lucigenin without isatin. The enhanced ECL was believed to be produced by the chemiluminescence reaction between reduced lucigenin and superoxide anion that was generated by the reaction of electrochemically reduced isatin with dissolved oxygen. The conditions for the determination of isatin were optimized. Under the optimized condition, the enhanced ECL intensity vs. isatin concentration was linear in the range 4.8 x 10(-7)-1.9 x 10(-5) g/mL; with a detection limit of 3.3 x 10(-8) g/mL, and the relative standard derivation 1.0 x 10(-6) g/mL isatin was 3.8%.

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“…attention in the past 5 to 10 years. These sys~ems take a number of forms, from flow immunoassay sensors being developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NW) [14,15] to various coated surfaces being developed by numerous researchers [16]. Several means have been developed to detect the binding of analyte to antibody, including modified "27 atomic force microscopy [17].…”

Section: Enzymatic Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%