Clinical Chemistry

Heatley, J. Jill; Russell, Karen E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-48253-0.00034-9

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…However, UA is not an ideal kidney function parameter for reptiles, as several studies confirmed that this parameter increases at a late stage of kidney disease. Therefore, it is not considered appropriate for an early treatment of potential kidney disease ( 9 , 30 ). Given the viability of SDMA as an early indicator, the present study also evaluated a potential correlation between SDMA and UA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetrical Dimethylarginine as a Diagnostic Parameter in Hermann's Tortoises (Testudo hermanni)

et al. 2022

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BackgroundDespite improvements in habitational conditions, kidney disease is relatively common in tortoises.ObjectivesPurpose of this study was the establishment of Symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) reference values for clinically healthy Hermann's Tortoises.AnimalsClinically healthy Hermann's Tortoises (n = 131) were included in the period from October 2017 to September 2019.MethodsCreatinine and other biomarkers were tested at IDEXX Laboratories, Germany using residual blood samples from Hermann's tortoises. SDMA was measured with the IDEXX test and verified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry at IDEXX Laboratories, USA.ResultsSDMA values ranged from 1 to 21 μg/dl (n = 131) for the IDEXX SDMA Test and SDMA values ranged from 1 to 17 μg/dl (n = 82) for LC-MS. For the comparison of the two measuring systems, the following results were obtained R2 = 0.75 (p < 0.001).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceSDMA can be measured in Hermann's Tortoises and the reference values range in clinically healthy animals is comparable to that of dogs and cats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetrical Dimethylarginine as a Diagnostic Parameter in Hermann's Tortoises (Testudo hermanni)

et al. 2022

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“…Chloramphenicol is considered a last resort antibiotic due to the risk of antibiotic resistance [ 15 ]. No alterations in clinical chemistry were found [ 14 ] despite the reference values (Table 1 ). Klebsiella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complete blood work, X-rays and a CT scan were performed. Blood tests showed no remarkable alterations (Table 1 ) [ 13 , 14 ]. The haemogram showed normal parameters with relative lymphocytosis, although the absolute number of lymphocytes did not differ from the reference values.…”

Section: Case Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Klebsiella sp.-related infectious spondylitis in a bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps)

Vetere¹,

Bertocchi

Pelizzone³

et al. 2021

BMC Vet Res

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Background Spondylitis is an inflammation of the vertebrae that leads to a destructive process with exuberant new bone formation. Osteomyelitis can produce a distortion of the bone architecture, degenerative joint changes and ankyloses of adjacent vertebrae. In reptiles, intervertebral discs are absent, so the term discospondylitis is not used. In lizards, vertebral lesions have not been well studied. The present paper describes the first case of Klebsiella sp.-related spondylitis in a pet lizard (Pogona vitticeps). Case presentation A 2-year-old, female bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) was presented for clinical examination due to a decreased activity level, decreased appetite and constipation. Blood tests showed no remarkable alterations. The haemogram showed normal parameters with relative lymphocytosis, although the absolute number of lymphocytes did not differ from the reference values. A computed tomography scan revealed a mixed osteolytic-proliferative bone lesion diffusing to the first and last tracts of the pre-sacral vertebrae together. A small amount of material obtained from the spinal swelling was sampled with an aseptic technique for bacterial culture, which was positive for Klebsiella sp. The antibiogram revealed sensitivity to enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, and chloramphenicol and intermediate sensitivity to gentamicin. Complete return to spontaneous feeding was achieved 15 days after the beginning of antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy. Conclusions In veterinary medicine, spondylitis represents a well-known disease in small companion animals. In mammals, the most common aetiologic agents are fungi and bacteria. Antibiotic therapy was set based on the antibiogram, and marbofloxacin was chosen at a dosage of 10 mg/kg subcutaneously (SC) once per day (SID). After only 7 days of antibiotic therapy, the clinical condition improved significantly; the patient started feeding and drinking spontaneously and gained weight. This case should remind clinicians of the importance of always performing antibiograms before choosing any antibiotic therapy. Considering reptiles, there have been few papers about spinal diseases, mostly regarding snakes and a few about Iguana iguana. Relative to other species of saurians, the literature remains lacking.

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“…During this study we noted a significant difference in total protein, albumin, and globulin between the two groups of turtles. Protein levels in reptiles may change in response to hydration, vittelogenesis in females, inflammation, liver, kidney and gastrointestinal function, season, and feeding or fasting status 20 . In humans suffering from primary biliary cirrhosis, alterations in the microbiota are implicated in changes to total protein and globulin, as well as a range of liver-specific enzymes 59 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Haematology and biochemistry parameters in reptiles are dynamic, and change considerably in response to a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as age, sex, reproductive status, nutrition, climate, and season 20,30,[74][75][76][77] . These changes are not necessarily representative of changes in health status, but are more reflective of the body's response to altered physiological state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No correlation between microbiota composition and blood parameters in nesting flatback turtles (Natator depressus)

Scheelings

Moore

Van

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The microbiota is considered critical for normal vertebrate homeostasis and it may exert its effects at a local level within the gastrointestinal tract, or systemically through the production of bacterial metabolites. to date, investigations into the role that the microbiota plays in reptile physiology are rare. To address this knowledge gap, we explored the relationship between differences in microbial communities to see if they accounted for differences in haematology and biochemistry values, in different populations of nesting flatback turtles (Natator depressus). We found that microbiota composition was not correlated to any of the blood analytes we measured in flatbacks. This study is the first of its kind in reptiles and highlights the need for further investigations to determine mechanisms by which the microbiota influences the physiology and health of reptiles.

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Clinical Chemistry

Cited by 27 publications

References 124 publications

Symmetrical Dimethylarginine as a Diagnostic Parameter in Hermann's Tortoises (Testudo hermanni)

Symmetrical Dimethylarginine as a Diagnostic Parameter in Hermann's Tortoises (Testudo hermanni)

Klebsiella sp.-related infectious spondylitis in a bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps)

No correlation between microbiota composition and blood parameters in nesting flatback turtles (Natator depressus)

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