Clinical, Autoimmune, and HLA Characteristics of Children Diagnosed With Type 1 Diabetes Before 5 Years of Age

Hathout, Eba; Hartwick, Noelle; Fagoaga, Omar R.; Colacino, Anna Rita; Sharkey, Jeannine; Racine, Michael S.; Nelsen-Cannarella, Sandra; Mace, John

doi:10.1542/peds.111.4.860

Cited by 51 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…That came in agreement with the results of Hathout et al [3] who reported-that neonates, infants and toddlers with type 1 diabetes are more likely to have a father with type 1 diabetes than diabetic children diagnosed at a later age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This came in agreement with the work of Hathout et al [3] showed a higher frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis in the early onset group at the time of presentation. Joseph et al [22] reported that even in developed countries, 15-70% of all newly diagnosed infants and children with diabetes present with DKA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…For example, enteroviral infection -documented by polymerase chain reaction was detected in twins developing type 1 diabetes in infancy, before detection of islet cell antibodies [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Risk Factors of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus among Egyptian Infants: A Case-Control Study

Azab¹

2017

EMIJ

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Risk Factors of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus among Egyptian Infants: A Case-Control Study

Azab¹

2017

EMIJ

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“…Whereas many studies have relied on clinical findings alone to distinguish between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, examining autoimmune measures in these youth reveals interesting findings. Hathout et al (54) reported that 30.3% of subjects with a clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes had positive GAD65Abs and 34.8% had positive IAAs, out of 48 youth followed in that center with clinical type 2 diabetes. DAAs and T-cell reactivity were compared in children and adolescents who presented with findings of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, or an admixture of clinical findings.…”

Section: Diabetes Classification and Daasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoantibodies in Diabetes

et al. 2005

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Islet cell autoantibodies are strongly associated with the development of type 1 diabetes. The appearance of autoantibodies to one or several of the autoantigens-GAD65, IA-2, or insulin-signals an autoimmune pathogenesis of ␤-cell killing. A ␤-cell attack may be best reflected by the emergence of autoantibodies dependent on the genotype risk factors, isotype, and subtype of the autoantibodies as well as their epitope specificity. It is speculated that progression to ␤-cell loss and clinical onset of type 1 diabetes is reflected in a developing pattern of epitopespecific autoantibodies. Although the appearance of autoantibodies does not follow a distinct pattern, the presence of multiple autoantibodies has the highest positive predictive value for type 1 diabetes. In the absence of reliable T-cell tests, dissection of autoantibody responses in subjects of genetic risk should prove useful in identifying triggers of islet autoimmunity by examining seroconversion and maturation of the autoantibody response that may mark time to onset of type 1 diabetes. The complexity of the disease process is exemplified by multiple clinical phenotypes, including autoimmune diabetes masquerading as type 2 diabetes in youth and adults. Autoantibodies may also provide prognostic information in clinically heterogeneous patient populations when examined longitudinally. Diabetes 54 (Suppl. 2):S52-S61, 2005

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“…differences in the frequencies of HLA alleles and haplotypes from other T1D age groups. None of the 40 patients with EOD analyzed in a study by Hathout et al 52 Since completion of the HapMap project and the development of massively parallel array-based genotyping technologies, the results of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have uncovered dozens of additional solidly replicated loci. [53][54][55][56][57][58] Several consortia analyzed a remarkable number of individuals within cohorts of cases and controls (with trios in 1 study), using .200 000 markers for GWASs.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Epigenetic Factors in Etiology of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

2013

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Diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1D) is a complex disease resulting from the interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Recent progress in understanding the genetic basis of T1D has resulted in an increased recognition of childhood diabetes heterogeneity. After the initial success of family-based linkage analyses, which uncovered the strong linkage and association between HLA gene variants and T1D, genome-wide association studies performed with high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping platforms provided evidence for a number of novel loci, although fine mapping and characterization of these new regions remains to be performed. T1D is one of the most heritable common diseases, and among autoimmune diseases it has the largest range of concordance rates in monozygotic twins. This fact, coupled with evidence of various epigenetic modifications of gene expression, provides convincing proof of the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. In T1D, epigenetic phenomena, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA dysregulation, have been associated with altered gene expression. Increasing epidemiologic and experimental evidence supports the role of genetic and epigenetic alterations in the etiopathology of diabetes. We discuss recent results related to the role of genetic and epigenetic factors involved in development of T1D. Pediatrics

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Clinical, Autoimmune, and HLA Characteristics of Children Diagnosed With Type 1 Diabetes Before 5 Years of Age

Abstract: Children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes before 5 years of age may have different diabetes-related autoimmune and genetic characteristics from those diagnosed at a later age.

Cited by 51 publications

References 18 publications

Risk Factors of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus among Egyptian Infants: A Case-Control Study

Risk Factors of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus among Egyptian Infants: A Case-Control Study

Autoantibodies in Diabetes

Genetic and Epigenetic Factors in Etiology of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

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