Clinical Approach to the Repeat Breeder Cow Syndrome

Marı́n, C.; Moreno, Laura Molina; Calero, Guillermo Vizuete

doi:10.5772/31374

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Irregular progesterone profiles are associated with temporal endocrine imbalances, abnormal ovulation, fertility failures, or early embryo death [ 4 , 9 ]. These imbalances can affect the oocytes, the spermatozoa, the embryos, and the reproductive behavior of affected cows [ 90 ]. Early embryo loss can be derived from the aforementioned alterations.…”

Section: Steroid Hormones Biochemical Components and Gametes/embryo C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of suprabasal levels (usually resulting from partial luteolysis failure) can prolong the growth period of the ovulatory follicle and promote the overmaturation of the oocyte, thereby reducing its fertilizing capacity. Consequently, there may be observed asynchrony between AI and ovulation (which it is delayed or impeded), hormonal imbalances (elevated estradiol), formation of a subdued CL, and endometrial changes [ 90 ].…”

Section: Steroid Hormones Biochemical Components and Gametes/embryo C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A combination of GnRH, progesterone, and meloxicam has offered higher conception and pregnancy rates in RBCs (over 10%) [ 105 ]. Treatments based on a 7-day FTAI protocol overcame the delayed ovulation and anovulation described in RBCs [ 90 ], obtaining a higher preovulatory follicle size and pregnancy rate [ 106 , 107 ]. It is interesting to highlight that those cows with CL (with a diameter higher than 15 mm) at the initiation of the treatment achieve higher fertility [ 106 , 108 ].…”

Section: Therapeutic Control Of the Estrous Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Insights in the Repeat Breeder Cow Syndrome

Marı́n

Arias

2023

Animals

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Cows can have difficulties becoming pregnant, and in certain cases, these reproductive failures do not have an evident cause. Furthermore, when these failures are repeated three or more times with estrous cycles of normal duration and in the absence of evident clinical signs, it is considered repeat breeder cow (RBC) syndrome. A substantive incidence of RBC syndrome has been reported all over the world, which severely affects the farm economy. This paper reviews those studies particularly focused on RBC syndrome from 2000 to 2023 but also includes consolidated information until this date. Hormonal imbalances, undetectable oviductal or uterine defects, or poor oocyte or embryo quality have been reported as causes of RBC syndrome, while subclinical endometritis has been considered a relevant causal agent. However, it is unresolved why this condition is recurrent in certain animals, despite the implementation of corrective management actions or treatments. Recent studies evaluate the putative role of certain genes, factors, hormones, or proteins in the pathogenesis of RBC syndrome. Numerous risk factors contribute to the appearance of this syndrome, and some of them could be mitigated to partially prevent this infertility, while others cannot be changed. Due to the complexity of this syndrome, it is important to increase knowledge about the mechanisms involved, develop new diagnostic tools to differentiate causal agents, and implement new treatments to restore fertility. There is consensus about the huge repercussions of this syndrome on farm profitability, but further studies are now needed to describe its economic impact.

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Section: Steroid Hormones Biochemical Components and Gametes/embryo C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Steroid Hormones Biochemical Components and Gametes/embryo C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Therapeutic Control Of the Estrous Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Insights in the Repeat Breeder Cow Syndrome

Marı́n

Arias

2023

Animals

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“…Repeat breeder (RB) cows are described as subfertile cows that do not become pregnant at least after three consecutive services. Different factors, including uterine infections, hormonal imbalances, mismanagement in the artificial insemination, nutritional factors, and genetic disorders may result in the occurrence of RB syndrome in dairy cows (1). A related study reported subclinical endometritis (SCE) in 52.7% of RB cows (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pre-ovulatory Follicular Fluid of Repeat Breeder Dairy Cows on Bovine Fertility Transcriptomic Markers and Oocytes Maturation and Fertilization Capacity

et al. 2021

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The current study aimed to determine the effects of the preovulatory follicular fluid (FF) of normal heifer (NH) and repeat breeder cows with subclinical endometritis (SCE) or without (nSCE) on oocyte maturation (Experiment 1) and fertilization rates (Experiment 2). Moreover, the pattern of gene expression of cumulus oocyte-complexes was evaluated in Experiment 1. In Experiment 1, nuclear maturation in the nSCE group was higher, compared to that in the SCE group (P = 0.05). In addition, the oocyte nuclear maturation in the normal heifer was significantly higher, in comparison to that of SCE groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the mean percentage of normal oocyte fertilization was higher in the nSCE group, compared to that in the SCE group (P < 0.05). The expressions of growth differentiation factor, GDF9; steroidogenic acute regulatory, StAR and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor, FSHr in the NH group were significantly higher, compared to those in SCE and nSCE groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expressions of all genes in the nSCE group were not significant, in comparison to those in the SCE group (P > 0.05). The supplementation of oocyte maturation medium with FF from pre-ovulatory follicles of repeat breeder cows resulted in less oocyte maturation and cumulus cell expansion. In conclusion, the lower fertility in RB cows could be ascribed to the lower oocyte maturation rate and less expression of GDF9, StAR, and FSHr in the cumulus-oocyte complexes.

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“…The incidence of repeat breeding in cattle has been reported as 9.0% in the UK (9), 24.0% in the USA (6), 10.1% in Sweden (25), 12.4% in Poland (31), and 25.1% in Spain (21). Repeat breeding decreases dairy profit because of wasted semen and insemination expenditure, longer inter-calving periods and higher veterinary treatment, culling and replacement costs (6,11,38,48).…”

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confidence: 99%

Embryo transfer as an option to improve fertility in repeat breeder dairy cows

Nowicki

2021

Journal of Veterinary Research

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Repeat breeding is a serious reproductive disorder in dairy cattle. The causes of repeat breeding are multifactorial and there are two main mechanisms: failure of fertilisation or early embryo death, mainly due to poor quality of oocytes and an inadequate uterine environment. Many methods have been used to increase the pregnancy rate for repeat breeder cows, such as intrauterine infusion of antibacterial agents or antibiotics, hormonal treatments for oestrus synchronisation and induction of ovulation, and progesterone supplementation or induction of accessory corpus luteum; however, the results were inconsistent between studies. Embryo transfer (ET) has the capability to minimalise the effects of poor oocyte quality and unfavourable uterine environments on early embryo development during the first seven days after ovulation in repeat breeder cows, and several studies showed that ET significantly improved the pregnancy rate in this group of animals. Thus, ET can be considered an option to increase the conception rate in repeat breeder dairy cows.

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Clinical Approach to the Repeat Breeder Cow Syndrome

Cited by 9 publications

References 60 publications

Current Insights in the Repeat Breeder Cow Syndrome

Current Insights in the Repeat Breeder Cow Syndrome

Effects of Pre-ovulatory Follicular Fluid of Repeat Breeder Dairy Cows on Bovine Fertility Transcriptomic Markers and Oocytes Maturation and Fertilization Capacity

Embryo transfer as an option to improve fertility in repeat breeder dairy cows

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